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Speech Communications > Chapters 1-3 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

The exchange of information, ideas, feelings, and experiences using a common code understood by those involved

A

Communication

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2
Q

Facial expressions, posture, and movement

A

Gestural communication/Nonverbal communication

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3
Q

Spoken language

A

Oral communication

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4
Q

Writing

A

Written communication

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5
Q

Symbol system based on numbers, letters, symbols, icons, pictures, math formulas, sound
Eg: alphabet

A

Codes

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6
Q

Articulation, fluency, nasal resonance, voice

A

Speech

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7
Q

Produced sound

A

Phoneme

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8
Q

Configuration of our nose, throat, and mouth muscles

A

The sound we produce

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9
Q

The perception of sound

A

Hearing

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10
Q

Communication Disorder Definition

A
  • impairment to receive, process/comprehend, and send concepts, nonverbal language, and code systems
  • hearing, language, or speech
  • mild to profound
  • developmental or acquired
  • more than one, or just one disorder
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11
Q

How does one determine what is abnormal?

A
  • determine the normal

- bell curve

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12
Q

Edeology

A
  • cause of a disorder

- environmental, developmental

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13
Q

Onset

A
  • when the disorder appeared

- congenital (from birth/genetic) or acquired (brain injury)

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14
Q

Manifestation

A
  • how the disorder shows up

- receptive, expressive, or both

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15
Q

Disorder interferes with ability to receive a message

- listening and reading

A

Receptive

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16
Q

Disorder interferes with ability to speak, comprehend

- speaking and writing

A

Expressive

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17
Q

Impaired comprehension of spoken or written language

A

Language disorder

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18
Q

Impaired speaking, sound production

A

Speech disorder

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19
Q

Impaired detecting, recognizing, processing auditory information

A

Hearing disorder

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20
Q

Assessment and Intervention

A

Evaluation and Treatment
Medical approach vs Developmental approach
Treating vs Helping

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21
Q

Rule system of how to build words, phrases, and sentences

A

Language form

22
Q

Rule system governing how sounds are produced and combined to form words

A

Phonology

23
Q

Rule system governing the smallest unit of meaning

A

Morphology

24
Q

Smallest grammatical unit of meaning

A

Morpheme

25
Q

Smallest unit that can stand on its own

- cat, happy, tree

A

Free morpheme

26
Q

Smallest unit that cannot stand on its own

- ing, s

A

Bound morpheme

27
Q

Rule system governing how words, phrases, and sentences are combined; word order

A

Syntax

28
Q

Rule system governing the meanings of words, vocab, and word relationships

A

Semantics

29
Q

Abstract language

Says one thing, means another

A

Figurative language

30
Q

Rule system governing how language is used

Language in social situations

A

Pragmatics

31
Q

Changing language based upon age, gender, relationship, familiarity with the conversational partner

A

Code switching

32
Q

Rule system governing how sentences are combined into longer units of meaning (stories)

A

Discourse

33
Q

Type of discourse

Telling and understanding elements within a story

A

Narrative discourse

34
Q

Type of discourse

Non-narrative (newspapers, magazines, research papers)

A

Expository discourse

35
Q

Type of discourse

Found in classrooms (teacher talking, making the calls)

A

Classroom discourse

36
Q

Hesitations, rate of speech, intonations, stress

A

Paralinguistic signals

37
Q

Factors to language development in children

A
  • Time + exposure (child has to be around language)

- Exposed to language before critical period (puberty)

38
Q
  • Birth - 1 year
  • Communication depends on adults
  • Parentese
  • Joint attention
  • Joint referencing
  • Babbling
A

Prelinguistic Language Development

39
Q

Language/ communication style parents use with babies

A

Parentese

40
Q

Parent and baby looking at the same thing at the same time

A

Joint attention

41
Q

Parent and baby looking at the same thing while parent discusses it

A

Joint referencing

42
Q

Babies playing with sounds

A

Babbling

43
Q
  • 12 months - 27 months
  • Making sounds (m, p, b, n, d, w, h)
  • Children simplify adult sounds (nicknames)
  • Syntax: 1-2 words
  • Semantics: rapid growth: 12 months = 20 words, 24 months = 200 words
  • Pragmatics: parents do most of the talking
A

Emerging Language Stage

44
Q
  • 27 months - 46 months
  • Children have acquired most basic language structures by age 4
  • Phonology: most phonemes acquired by 5, can go to 8
  • Morphology: begin to use s and ing
  • Syntax: phrases at 4-5 words
  • Semantics: 2 yrs = 200 words, 4 yrs = 1800 - 4000
  • Pragmatics: better at conversations (interrupt less, polite)
  • Discourse: narrative
A

Developing Language Stage

45
Q
  • 4 yrs - 11 yrs
  • Using language for communicating to using language to learn
  • Phonology: phonemes are well established
  • Morpholgy: gerunds, adverbs,
  • Syntax: passive voice, conjunctions
  • Semantics: vocab growth depends on reading ability; figurative language
  • Pragmatics: code switching, better at conversations, discourse, meta skills
  • Writing: develops from oral language
A

Language of Learning Stage

46
Q

Thinking/talking about language

A

Metalinguistic

47
Q

Thinking/talking about thinking

A

Metacognitive

48
Q

Thinking/talking about language use

A

Metapragmatic

49
Q
  • Early (10 - 13 yrs)
  • Middle (13 - 16 yrs)
  • Late (16 - 20 yrs)
  • Syntax: sentences are more complex, code switching
  • Semantics: reading = vocab growth, new school subjects = new vocab
  • Pragmatics: good conversational partners, meta skills develop
  • Discourse: adept at various forms
  • Figurative language: develop understanding, humor, slang
A

Adolescent Language Development

50
Q
  • 20+ yrs
  • Development occurs in all areas
  • Semantics: language associated with higher education, jobs
  • Pragmatics: how to interact with others
A

Young Adult Language Development

51
Q

Factors affecting child’s literacy level?

A
  • Literacy of the family
  • Exposure to language
  • Language ability
52
Q

Phonological awareness

A

Understanding the elements of words (letter-sound connection, syllables, rhyming)
- Difficulties with phonological awareness lead to difficulty learning to read and write

Speech Communications (4 decks)

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