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Psychology of Aging > Chapters 1-3 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is adulthood?

A

Taking responsibility for oneself

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2
Q

What is gerontology?

A

the study of aging

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3
Q

Who is Jefferey Jensen Arnett?

A

a psychologist that studied emerging adulthood which has ages ranging from 18-29

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4
Q

What are some of the features of the “New Stage” created by Jeffery Jensen Arnett?

A

Identity
Career
Relationships
Instability….changes in jobs, major, friends
Self-focus…what are you going to do with your life
Possibilities….what path will you take

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5
Q

What is Ageism?

A

Our biases of people at certain ages….old people need to be spoken to slower, louder, etc….young people have it east

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6
Q

What are some examples where age may be a requirement?

A

21 to drink, 5 years old for kindergarten, 18 years old for the armed forces

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7
Q

How long does development take?

A

development is lifelong….you never stop developing

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8
Q

When does Freud think development stop?

A

He thinks that development stops when puberty starts

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9
Q

What are Paul Baltes’ four stages of development?

A

Multidirectional, Plasticity, Historical Context, and Multiple Causation

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10
Q

What does Multidirectional men In Paul Baltes’ four stages of development?

A

there are areas of growth and decline in aging….older people tend to have smaller friend groups but get better relationships from those friends.

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11
Q

What does Plasticity mean in Paul Balets’ four stages of development?

A

the idea that a person can improve themselves and adapt to new ideas/ways of doing things…..People went from sending letters to sending emails.

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12
Q

What does Historical context mean in Paul Balets’ four stages of development?

A

how what time period affects learning….the 1950s growing up were very different than in 2020

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13
Q

What does Multiple Causation mean in Paul Balets’ four stages of development?

A

multiple different things develop in person such as physical, cognitive, and social

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14
Q

What is a Normative Age Grade Influence?

A

An age where people in a culture share the same experiences….Puberty, menopause, learning to drive, voting, etc

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15
Q

What is Normative History Grade Influences?

A

Events that took place at a certain time in history that affected a generation….war, civil rights movement, climate change movement

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16
Q

What are Non-Normative Influences?

A

These are experiences that are handled differently by others who experience the same thing… abuse, mental health, death in the family, winning the lottery

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17
Q

What is Primary aging?

A

This is aging that is gradual and irreversible…examples are vision loss, hair graying, skin elasticity

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18
Q

What is tertiary aging?

A

these are changes the occur rapidly….cognitive and physical deterioration in the old before death

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19
Q

What is Secondary Aging?

A

changes due to things that where preventable like injuries, illness, disease, and environment

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20
Q

What is Chronological Age?

A

your years alive from birth to present day

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21
Q

What is Perceived Age?

A

how old you feel..can be different from person to person…

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22
Q

What is Biological Age?

A

how old our body and organs are functioning

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23
Q

What is Psychological Age?

A

how well you adapt to new things…how well can you control your emotions

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24
Q

============What is Sociocultural Age?

A

how well are you connected with others

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25
Q

What is Nature Vs Nurture?

A

What affects a person more, less, or the same debate about genes and environment

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26
Q

Stability Vs Change?

A

Stability believes personality traits are present at birth….change believes that personalities are modified by our parents, school, and altercation

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27
Q

Continuity Vs Discontinuity

A

Continuity says change is gradual….Discontinuity say change is abrubt

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28
Q

Universal Vs Context

A

do all people follow the same path of development or do they have there own ways

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29
Q

What is the S.O.C. model?

A

Select, Optimize, Compensate?

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30
Q

What does Select mean in the S.O.C. model?

A

Chose a thing that you are interested in…Cooking

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31
Q

What does Optimize mean in the S.O.C. model?

A

What do you need…for cooking you need groceries?

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32
Q

What does Compensate mean in the S.O.C model?

A

What problems do you have? If it is hard to walk you could get the electric carts at walmart and have them load the groceries….you could also do grocery delivery

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33
Q

What is structural neuro imaging?

A

check to make sure everything is looking as it should…can find tumors, loss of brain size….X rays, CT, MRI

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34
Q

What is Functional NeuroImaging?

A

This explores to see if your brain is functioning properly….spect, PET, fMRI

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35
Q

What is the Strop Test?

A

Say the name while text is a different color

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36
Q

What is the Wisconsin Test?

A

can you sort by what is asked

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37
Q

What is the Bender Test?

A

can you recreate pictures that have been drawn

38
Q

How does the brain work?

A

It uses electricity that is passed through neurons

39
Q

What does a neuron do?

A

passes electricity and chemicals

40
Q

What is a neuron made of?

A

Soma, Dendrites, Axon, Termina Branch

41
Q

What is the Limbic System?

A

controls basic emotion and drives like food, sex, and dominance

42
Q

what is the Cerrubellum?

A

In the back of the skull and controls information from sensory systems and motor movement

43
Q

What is the Cerebral Cortex?

A

process different types of sensory information

44
Q

What are some changes to the neurons that happen into old age?

A

Decline in # of neurons and dendrite size…shortened axons…decrease in synapses and shrinkage in brian

45
Q

What can you do to increase brain plasticity?

A

Exercise

46
Q

What influences the body to change?

A

genetics, lifestyle, environment, biology

47
Q

What is the rate of living theory?

A

Says we have only a limited amount of energy

48
Q

What is a cellular theory?

A

the idea that cells have telomeres that can replicate only a certain amount of times

49
Q

What is the limited radical theory?

A

damage to cells over time?

50
Q

What is organ tissue theory?

A

says that cells become less flexible and connective tissue becomes stiffer

51
Q

What is hormonal Stress theory?

A

stress affects the cells

52
Q

What is programmed cell death theories?

A

Aging programmed into genetic code…cells are programmed to self destruct

53
Q

When does vision loss occur in people?

A

around middle adulthood?

54
Q

Why does vision become worse with age?

A

adaptation to light and dark is weakend, reduced color, cataracts, glaucoma, retinal changes

55
Q

What happens to touch and balance with age?

A

loss of touch, temperature regulation, pain sensitivity

56
Q

What happens to hearing with age?

A

damage to lound enviornment…may have to adjust socially

57
Q

What happens to balance with age?

A

lessens and may have to watch for hazards more careully

58
Q

What happens to taste and smell with age?

A

taste changes…texture preferences…food may become less interesting

59
Q

What happens to skin with age?

A

wrinkles, thinner, loss of flexibility…..sun can worsen these symptoms

60
Q

What happens to hair with age?

A

It becomes grey and may start to disappear

61
Q

What happens to voice with age?

A

the pitch can change, slower talking, and decrease volume

62
Q

What happens to bodybuild overtime with age?

A

weigh gain or loss, reduction in height,

63
Q

When is peak performance in humans?

A

20 -35

64
Q

When does performance tend to decline?

A

60-80

65
Q

What can help slow down performance decline due to age?

A

Exercise

66
Q

What happens to bones with age?

A

A decrease in strength and density

67
Q

What happens to joint with ag?

A

less flexible…

68
Q

What can people do to combat aging?

A

Cosmetics, hair dye, injections, plastic surgery

69
Q

How much does lung capacity from 20 to 80

A

40 percent

70
Q

What happens to the female reproductive system with age?

A

menopause which starts in late 30s to late 50s…fertility decreases

71
Q

What happens to the male reproductive system with age?

A

a decrease in sperm…decrease in testosterone…erectile dysfunction

72
Q

How does sleep correlate with aging?

A

earlier to bed…earlier to rise….insomnia…circadian rhythm changes

73
Q

What is the average age for humans?

A

78.7 years

74
Q

Who is the oldest person

A

120

75
Q

What factors play a role in life expectancy?

A

genetic…enviornment…finances…stress

76
Q

What are health disparities?

A

This is the differences in health care due to income

77
Q

Do women live longer than men?

A

by 5 years

78
Q

what is health?

A

the state of being complete in social, physical, and mental well being

79
Q

What is illness?

A

the presence of a physical or mental disease

80
Q

How is quality of life measured?

A

Functioning, well being, cognition, and goals

81
Q

What is an acute disease?

A

something that is short term like the flu, cold, infection

82
Q

What is chronic disease?

A

long-lasting conditions…cancer

83
Q

What is the purpose of stress?

A

To encourage fight or flight…constant stress can lower the immune system

84
Q

What is the Diathesis stress model?

A

stress caused by experience

85
Q

What is primary appraisal?

A

Catagorizing an event

86
Q

What is a secondary appraisal?

A

Evaluate event

87
Q

What is Reapraiassal?

A

Change in situation

88
Q

What is polypharmacy?

A

Studies the effects of medications

89
Q

What is activity of daily living

A

things we need to do to live independently…can you feed yourself…can you dress..can you sit and stand

90
Q

What are the instrumental activities of daily living

A

shopping…cooking..pay bill..use phone…driving

Psychology of Aging (2 decks)

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