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PTA102 Introduction To Physical Therapy > Chapters 1-3, 7 & 8 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-3, 7 & 8 Flashcards

0
Q

Intradisciplinary Care

A

Works together with members of the same discipline

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1
Q

5 elements of patient/client management

A 
Examination
Evaluation
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Intervention
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2
Q

Interdisciplinary Care

A

Works together with all disciplines

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3
Q

Multidisciplinary Care

A

Works separately and independently of different disciplines

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4
Q

General supervision

A

Supervising PT is on call and readily available via telecommunications. (15min return call time)

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5
Q

Direct personal supervision

A

“On site” supervision, PT is present in the facility.

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6
Q

PT treatments from ancient times and still used today are…

A

Therapeutic exercises, massage and hydrotherapy

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7
Q

Who is the “father of medicine”?

A

Hippocrates, he was the first to use exercise as a form of treatment.

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8
Q

What two major historical events in the U.S. led to the creation of physical therapy?

A

The polio epidemic and World War I

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9
Q

Who were the first physical therapists?

A

Reconstruction aides, they were single women between the ages of 25 and 40.

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10
Q

Who was the first president of the AWPTA?

A

Mary McMillan

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11
Q

In what year did the APTA adopt a policy statement that set the foundation for the establishment of education programs for the training and creation of the physical therapists assistant?

A

1967

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12
Q

Who are the members of the Affiliate Assembly?

A

Physical therapy assistants

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13
Q

What impact did the Great Depression and the Balance Budget Act have on the physical therapy profession?

A

The demand for PT decreased and it was hard for therapists to find work.

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14
Q

What are the components of the APTA?

A

52 chapters
18 sections
2 assemblies

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15
Q

Who is the highest policy making body of the APTA?

A

House of Delegates

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16
Q

Where is the APTA headquarters located?

A

Alexandria, Virginia

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17
Q

What is the purpose of CAPTE?

A

Accredits and evaluates educational programs in the U.S. for physical therapists and physical therapist assistants.

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18
Q

Which branch of the APTA is the governing body for certification of clinical specialists?

A

American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (ABPTS)

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19
Q

Who administers and develops the National Physical Therapy Exam?

A

Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT)

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20
Q

What is direct access?

A

Patients can directly access physical therapy services without a referral from a physician.

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21
Q

What is the name of the positioning techniques that were used by Taoist priests in China?

A

Cong Fu, helped with pain and chronic rheumatism.

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22
Q

What was the name of the therapeutic exercises used by ancient Romans?

A

Gymnastics

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23
Q

Who developed exercise machines that offered resistance and assistance?

A

Gustav Zander

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24
Q

What is the APTA’s position on licensure?

A

The APTA requires that all PTs and PTAs should be licensed or otherwise regulated in all U.S. jurisdictions.

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25
Q

Describe the characteristics of the PTA profession?

A

Assists the PT in the delivery of selected PT interventions

Graduate of CAPTE accredited education program

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26
Q

What are examples of an intervention which is beyond a PTA’s level of competency? PTAs can NOT:

A 
Evaluate patients 
Develop or change the plan of care
Write discharge plan or summary
Perform joint mobilizations
Perform wound debridement
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27
Q

What is the PTA’s role in clinical education?

A

Responsible for all actions and duties of the PTA student in clinical setting (cannot be a CI for a PT student)
Facilitates clinical learning experience
Assess student’s entry level capabilities

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28
Q

How many hours of direct supervision does AZ require?

A

2,000

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29
Q

How many assistive personnel can one PT supervise?

A

3

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30
Q

What is the difference between a medical diagnosis and a physical therapy diagnosis?

A

Physical therapy diagnosis is done by a PT and a medical diagnosis is done by a physician.

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31
Q

What are the components of the Nagi Disablement Model?

A

Pathology
Impairments
Functional limitations
Disability

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32
Q

Patient

A

Individual who receives health care service including PT

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33
Q

Client

A

Individual who is not necessarily sick or injured but could benefit from a PT consultation, advice or services

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34
Q

Examination

A

Process of gathering subjective and objective data about the patient/client.

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35
Q

Evaluation

A

Process by which the PT makes clinical judgments based in data gathered during then examination.

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36
Q

Interventions

A

Skilled techniques and activities that make up the treatment plan.

37
Q

Discharge

A

Process of discontinuing interventions in a single episode of care.

38
Q

Diagnosis

A

Involves obtaining relevant patient/client history, performing system reviews, selection and administering tests and interpreting all data.

39
Q

Prognosis

A

Judgment of the physical therapist about the level of optimal improvement the patient/client may achieve and the amount of time needed to reach that level.

40
Q

Impairments

A

Abnormalities or dysfunctions of the bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, nerves or skin or problems with movement resulting from pathology in the brain, spinal cord, cardiovascular or pulmonary systems.

41
Q

Functional limitations

A

Inabilities of the patient/client to function adequately in his or her environment.

42
Q

Disability

A

Inability to perform or participate in activities or tasks related to a person’s work, home, or community.

43
Q

Primary prevention

A

Occurs prior to the onset of the disease/disorder.

44
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Early detection of health problems trying to stop or slow down progression.

45
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

Attempts to minimize the negative effects of the disease.

46
Q

What is wellness?

A

Capacity to be in good physical and emotional health

47
Q

Functional training

A

Intervention involving self-care and home management, including ADLs

48
Q

Functional training in work

A

Intervention including work, community, and leisure integration or reintegration including IADLs, work hardening and work conditioning.

49
Q

Manual therapy techniques

A

Intervention using mobilization and/or manipulation

50
Q

Physical agents and mechanical modalities

A

Intervention includes cold packs, hot packs, ice massage and hydrotherapy

51
Q

Prescription of devices and equipment

A

Intervention includes orthotic (braces, shoe inserts and splints), prosthetic (upper and lower prostheses) supportive (neck collars, slings and supportive taping), and protective devices (braces, wheelchairs and helmets).

52
Q

Airway clearance techniques

A

Intervention includes breathing, positioning and manual/mechanical techniques.

53
Q

Integumentary repair

A

Intervention includes wound/burn care.

54
Q

Electrotherapeutic modalities

A

Interventions include electrical stimulation.

55
Q

Constitutional laws

A

Created by federal constitution, ex) unreasonable search and seizure

56
Q

Statutory laws

A

Second priority after constitutional, enacted by Congress, divided into titles, ex) Medicare and Medicaid, workers compensation acts, ADA

57
Q

Common laws

A

Third priority as legal tenets, created by judges, most civil laws related to ethical and legal issues, ex) malpractice laws

58
Q

Administrative or regulatory laws

A

Administered by regulatory agencies, influence business conduct, ex) OSHA or CMS

59
Q

Acute care

A

Practiced in hospitals, pt stay less than 30 days, are very demanding on PT and PTAs

60
Q

Primary care

A

PTs and PTAs support the primary care physician and work on an outpatient basis

61
Q

Subacute care

A

Intermediate level of care for pts too ill to be cared for at home, offered at a subacute hospital or a skilled nursing facility (SNF)

62
Q

Outpatient care

A

Ambulatory care, provide outpatient preventative services, diagnostic and treatment services

63
Q

Rehabilitation hospitals

A

Provide care for pts with disabilities and helps them return to maximal functional capacity

64
Q

Chronic care facility

A

Long-term care, more than 60 days, pts may have permanent disabilities

65
Q

Hospice care

A

Facilities for pts who are terminally ill and dying

66
Q

Home health care

A

Provided in home environments, sponsored by government or private insurance or volunteer organizations, pt must be homebound and physician must certify that intervention is necessary, PT must reevaluate every 3-6 weeks

67
Q

School system

A

Takes place in school setting, PT develops individual education plan (IEP) for student with disability

68
Q

Private practice facility

A

Can be offered as outpatient services or as contract services

69
Q

Marguerite Sanderson

A

First supervisor of the reconstruction aides

70
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

A

Nondiscrimination law preventing discrimination against persons with disabilities in areas of employment, public accommodations, state and government services, and telecommunications

71
Q

Title I of ADA

A

Protects against employment discrimination, ensures reasonable accommodations

July 1994 - businesses with 15+ employees

72
Q

Undue hardship

A 
Accommodations would be:
Excessively disruptive
Very Costly
Difficult to implement 
Fundamentally alter the nature of the business operation
73
Q

Who is excluded from providing equal accommodations to persons with disabilities?

A

Religious organizations and some private clubs

74
Q

What is IDEA?

A

Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1997, ensures access to free and appropriate public education for children with disabilities

75
Q

What is the age range for IDEA

A

Ages 3-21

76
Q

Why are licensure laws important?

A

Protect against professional incompetence and violations are punishable as criminal offenses

77
Q

A liability generating conduct on the part of a primary health care professional associated with an adverse outcome of patient care is…

A

Malpractice

78
Q

Failure to give reasonable care or the giving of unreasonable care is…

A

Negligence

79
Q

What are the 4 elements of negligence?

A

Duty - healthcare provider owed legal duty of care to plaintiff
Breach - defendant breached or violated legal duty of care
Causation - defendant’s breach of duty caused injury
Damages - plaintiff suffered legally recognizable damages

80
Q

Examples of physical therapy malpractice are…

A 
Burns due to defective equipment
Utilization of defective equipment 
Patient falls during gait training
Exercise injuries
Any action/inaction inconsistent with APTA's ethical standards
81
Q

Medical ethics

A

System of principles governing medical conduct, not enforced by law

82
Q

Medical law

A

Establishment of social rules for conduct, can result in criminal liability

83
Q

Biomedical ethical principles

A

Beneficence - doing what’s best for a patient
Nonmaleficence - do no harm
Justice - fair and equal treatment to every patient
Veracity - to tell the truth
Confidentiality - maintain privacy
Autonomy - right of patient to choose

84
Q

What is PHI?

A

Protected health information, includes oral, written, and electronic information

85
Q

What is HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, mandates privacy protection of health information
Privacy rule - (DHHS) establishes national standards to protect health information

86
Q

Safeguards for privacy are…

A

Avoid patient’s name in public hallways
Speak quietly when discussing patient’s condition in waiting room
Lock file cabinets or record rooms
Require additional passwords for computers

87
Q

Are ethnocentric approaches to healthcare effective?

A

No, it only takes into consideration own ethnic background

88
Q

What is cultural competence?

A

Patient has right to receive effective care regardless of ethnic background

89
Q

Elements of informed consent

A 
Nature of procedure is clear 
Reasonable alternatives are proposed
Relevant risks, benefits, and uncertainties are explained
Assessment of patient understanding
Patient must accept intervention

PTA102 Introduction To Physical Therapy (4 decks)

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