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Behavioral Neuroscience > Chapters 1-3 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Biological Psychology

A

the study of biological bases of psychological processes and behaviors

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2
Q

Neuroscience

A

study of the nervous system

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3
Q

Descartes

A

explained animal behavior like a machine, proposed that spinal reflexes and neural pathways are related to the brain, proposed the pineal gland as the connection between mind and body

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4
Q

Dualism

A

material body and non material mind

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5
Q

Phrenology

A

assigned separate functions to cortical areas, bumps on the skill were seen as larger brain regions that drove interest and skills

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6
Q

Paul Broca

A

first showed that language ability is specialized to one small region of the brain, studied brain injury side affects on different brain parts

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7
Q

Brain Stem

A

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, goes downward forming the spinal cord

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7
Q

Hebb

A

found neuronal connections/changes of neural pathways through learning, had the Hebbian Synapses named after him

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7
Q

Nervous System

A

complex network of nerves that carry messages through the entire body

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8
Q

Brain

A

organ of soft tissue, functions as the coordinating center of sensation and intellectual activity, held within the skull

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9
Q

Central Nervous System

A

controls activity of the body through the brain, spinal cord, and brain stem, tells peripheral what to do

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10
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

connects central NS to the limbs and organs, carries out actions, nerves and ganglia outside of the spinal cord, divided into autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

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11
Q

Motor Neurons

A

inside the spinal cord

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11
Q

White Matter

A

myelinated axons, allows for fast transmission of signals

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11
Q

Skull

A

protects the brain, anchors the scalp and face muscles, protects nerves and vessels that go to the brain, protects the eyes, protects the brain from injuries like concussions

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12
Q

Spinal Cord

A

circular bundle of nerves and nerve fibers, connects nearly all parts of the body to the brain with which it forms the central nervous system

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13
Q

Gray Matter

A

cell bodies of nerves

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14
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

outside the spinal cord

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14
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

automatic functions like beating heart and other internal organ workings

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15
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

fight or flight responses, increase in energy

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16
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

at rest, lowers and conserves energy

17
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

voluntary movements like walking and writing

18
Q

Dorsal

A

towards the back

19
Q

Ventral

A

towards the bottom

20
Q

Anterior

A

towards the front

21
Q

Posterior

A

towards the back

22
Q

Superior

A

above

23
Q

Inferior

A

below

24
Q

Medial

A

toward the midline

24
Q

Lateral

A

away from the midline

25
Q

Neurons

A

nerve cells, basic unit of the brain cell and nervous system

26
Q

3 Subdivisions of the Brain

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, around 40 days gestation

26
Q

Axon

A

sends impulse to the next neuron

26
Q

Dendrite

A

receives electrical impulses from other neurons

27
Q

Synapse

A

space between nerves, respond to feelings and movements

28
Q

Beginning Stage of the Brain

A

neural plate —> neural groove —> neural tube, 25 days gestation

29
Q

Synaptic Cleft

A

gap between neurons, where axons and dendrites meet to send neurotransmitters to the next neuron

30
Q

Real Brain

A

more like a full grown brain at 100 days

31
Q

Midbrain

A

relay systems, superior and inferior colliculus

31
Q

Hindbrain

A

breathing, heart rate, other automatic functions, medulla, pons, cerebellum

32
Q

Forebrain

A

personality part, largest in mammals, cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system

33
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

control panel for personality and ability to communicate, controls cognitive skills, emotional expression, problem solving, memory and language, judgement, and sexual behavior

33
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

the ability of the brain to change due to environment and experience, occurs in development and adulthood

34
Q

Central Sulcus

A

big landmark separating the front and back of the brain, separates motor and somatic

35
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

controls voluntary skeletal movements and skeletal muscles

36
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A

location of somatosensoty centers, main sensory receptive area for sense of touch

37
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

spatial sense and navigation, sensory receptive area for the sense of hot and cold and pain

38
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

visual processing

39
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the retention of visual memory, language comprehension, emotion association

40
Q

Sylvian Fissure

A

separates temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes, also known as lateral sulcus, one of the most prominent features of the brain, longer and curved on the left

41
Q

Olfactory Bulb

A

receives information only from the nose, discriminates amongst odors, enhancing the sensitivity of odor detection, filters out unnecessary events and improves the transmission of a few select odors, has to do with arousal and attention to modify detection of odors

42
Q

Cerebellum

A

posture, balance, coordination, speech, may be involved with attention and language

Behavioral Neuroscience (2 decks)

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