Chapters 1-3 Flashcards
The simplest type of cells do not have nucleus and are known as prokaryotic cells. Which kingdom would be prokaryotes?
Bacteria
All living things are able to maintain stable internal conditions, whether they are unicellular, or complex, multicellular organisms. This property is called _______?
Homeostasis
In a multicellular organism, different tissues that function together are grouped into _______?
Organs
The proper order for steps in the scientific process is _______?
Observation > Hypothesis > Predictions > Testing
Levels of Organization of Living Things in order:
(13 levels)
- Atoms
- Molecules
- Macromolecule
- Organelle
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ System
- Organism
- Population
- Community
- Ecosystem
- Biosphere
Smallest unit of matter
Atom
Two or more atoms held together by a covalent bond
Molecules
- Large molecule
- Nucleic acid, carbohydrate, lipid, protein
Macromolecule
Membrane bound functionalized compartment
Organelle
Fundamental unit of life
Cell
Group of cells working together for a function
Tissue
- Body part that carries out a particular function
- Made up of multiple tissue types
Organ
Teams of organs that cooperate for one function
Organ system
Individual living thing
Organism
All individuals of a species living in the same area
Population
- Set of populations in same area
- All the living things
Community
All the Ecosystems – Earth
Biosphere
Difference between Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
- Prokaryotic: no nucleus; simple
- Eukaryotic: has a nucleus; complex
Prokaryotic cells fall into what 2 domains?
- Bacteria
- Archae
Eukarya consists of what 4 kingdoms?
- Plantae
- Animalia
- Fungi
- Protista
Taxon levels (biggest to smallest)
8 levels
(Acronym to help: D … King Philip Called Out Fifty Good Soldiers)
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
(Acronym to help: Domain … King Philip Called Out Fifty Good Soldiers)
What is Science?
- Measurable
- Observable
Descriptive Science
Observe, explore, discover
Hypothesis-based Science
- Starts with a question/problem
- Trying to answer this
Independent Variable
- Variable that is MANIPULATED or changed during an experiment
- Reveals possible effects on the dependent variable
Dependent Variable
- Variable whose value is MEASURED during an experiment
- Reveals possible change caused by the independent variable
Control Group
A set of subjects that does NOT receive the specific factor being tested
Experimental Group
A set of subjects that receives the specific factor being tested
Broader explanation than a hypothesis, supported by large bodies of evidence
Theory
The nucleus of an atom is composed of _______?
Protons and Neutrons
What type of bond forms between two atoms sharing electrons?
Covalent Bonds
You are chemically analyzing a new compound. It does NOT dissolve in water. You characterize it as being _______?
Hydrophobic
Plants will store glucose in long chains as a polysaccharide known as _______ for energy storage.
Starch
What is the membrane molecule that is made up of a polar region with 2 non-polar fatty acid tails?
Phospholipid
The simplest cellular organisms are _______?
Prokaryotic cells
What structures are found within prokaryotic cells?
Ribosomes
The sodium-potassium pump requires a transport protein and energy. Therefore it is an example of _______?
Active Transport
- Backbone of life
- 4 covalent bonds
Carbon
All cells need:
-Plasma Membrane
-Cytoplasm
-DNA
-Ribosomes
Mitochondria
-Powerhouse of the cell
-Makes ATP which is energy for the cell
-Has its own ribosomes and DNA
Parts of the Mitochondria:
-Inner/Outer membrane
-Cristae
-Matrix
Passive Transport
passes into cell easily
-examples: Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
