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science > CHAPTERS: 1-3 > Flashcards

CHAPTERS: 1-3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is photosynthesis?

A

a process by which green plants manufactures sugars (food) using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll to produce glucose and oxygen gas

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2
Q

word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + water

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3
Q

what is chlorophyll?

A

a green pigment that is found in chloroplasts within plant cells and transfers energy from light into energy in chemicals

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4
Q

what’s glucose for?

A
  1. used in respiration to release energy for cell
  2. converted to starch for storage
  3. converted to fat + oils in seed
  4. converted to sucres then transported to all parts of plants
  5. combined with nitrates from soil -> amino seeds -> proteins
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5
Q

what is a stoma(ta)?

A

it is a tiny hole in the lower epidermis, the holes let carbon dioxide from the air get into the leaf

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6
Q

explain the process of climate change:

A
  1. energy from the sun passes through the atmosphere and warms the surface of the ground
  2. some of the energy that reaches the ground is reflected
  3. some of the reflected energy passes back out through the atmosphere and is lost to space
  4. some of the reflected energy is blocked by the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, so it stays close to the earth
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7
Q

what is slush?

A

slush is melting ice

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8
Q

what is mass extinction?

A

this is when species vanish much faster than they are replaced

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9
Q

what is meteorites?

A

the parts of meteoroids that do collide with earth

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10
Q

what is meteoroids?

A

objects in space that are smaller than an asteroid

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11
Q

what is meteors?

A

when meteoroids enter earth’s atmosphere

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12
Q

what is an atom?

A

an atom is the smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction

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13
Q

protons…

A
  • positively charged
  • located in nucleus of atom
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14
Q

electrons…

A
  • negatively charged
  • located in the energy levels surrounding an atom
  • they are held in place by electrostatic forces
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15
Q

neutrons…

A
  • these are neutral, they have no charge
  • they are located in the nucleus of an atom
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16
Q

the atomic number is located on…

A

the top

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17
Q

the mass number is located on…

A

the bottom

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18
Q

when do molecules occur?

A

when you share electrons

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19
Q

when do ions occur?

A

they form when they loose or gain an electron

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20
Q

how do we know how many protons there are?

A

the atomic number tells you that/top number

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21
Q

how do we know how many electrons there are?

A

the atomic number tells you that/top number

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22
Q

how do we know how many neutrons there are?

A

atomic number subtracted by the mass number/atomic number-mass number

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23
Q

what is an ionic bond?

A

when there is an attraction between the positively charged ion and the negatively charged ion

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24
Q

what are ionic compounds?

A

those that are made from ions, when a metal reacts with a non-metal

25
Q

what is a covalent bond?

A

a type of chemical bond where electrons are shared

26
Q

when are covalent molecules formed?

A

when atoms of different non-metals join together to form compounds and when atoms of the same non-metal join together

27
Q

what are macromolecules?

A

they are joined structures

28
Q

ionic substances…

A
  • made from ions form giant lattices
  • they have very high melting points due to the strong ionic bond
  • when dissolved/melted, they can conduct electricity
29
Q

covalent substances…

A
  • made from simple molecules
  • they have low melting points/boiling points due to the weak forces between molecules
  • when sharing electrons, they can form large structures like macromolecules
  • macromolecules have high melting points because they’re joined by strong covalent bonds
  • simple covalent molecules do not conduct electricity
30
Q

ionic + ionic =

A

element

31
Q

covalent + covalent =

A

compound

32
Q

what is density?

A

property (space & volume) of an object

33
Q

what is mass?

A

measurement of an object (g/kg)

34
Q

what is volume?

A

measurement of an object in 3D

35
Q

how do we calculate density?

A

mass / volume

36
Q

how do we calculate volume?

A

mass / density

37
Q

how do we calculate mass?

A

volume x density

38
Q

what is heat?

A

measures the total thermic kinetic energy of vibrating particles

39
Q

what is temperature?

A

measures the average thermal kinetic energy of the particles

40
Q

what is a regular shape?

A

shape having a volume that can e calculated using an equation

41
Q

what is an irregular shape?

A

shape having a volume that cannot be calculated using an equation

42
Q

energy…

A
  • is measured in joules (J)
  • is stored/conserved
  • can be transferred
  • cannot be created or destroyed
43
Q

what is dissipation?

A

it describes the movement of energy from a hot to cold place

44
Q

heat can be transferred by three main processes…

A
  1. conduction
  2. convection
  3. radiation
45
Q

what is conduction?

A
  • when particles are very close together can transfer heat energy as they vibrate
  • only occurs in solids
46
Q

which solids do not conduct heat?

A

paper, glass, rubber, porcelain, ceramic, plastic

47
Q

what is convection?

A

this upward movement of warmer liquid/gas

48
Q

what is a convection current?

A

the movement around the heated liquid/gas

49
Q

how does heat travel?

A

infrared waves

50
Q

infrared waves…

A
  • can travel through a vacuum
  • travel at the same speed of light
  • can be reflected/absorbed
51
Q

what is thermal radiation?

A

when infrared heat objects that absorbs

52
Q

absorber

A

a material that takes in thermal radiation

53
Q

conduction

A

the method of heat transfer in solids

54
Q

conductor

A

a material that lets heat flow through

55
Q

convection

A

the method of heat transfer in fluids, which occurs because hot fluids are less dense than cold fluids

56
Q

emitter

A

a material that gives out thermal radiation

57
Q

free electrons

A

electrons in a metal that are free to move through the metal

58
Q

heat transfer

A

the flow of heat energy from a hotter area to a colder area

59
Q

radiation

A

heat energy transferred by infrared waves, this method of heat transfer does not need particles

science (5 decks)

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