Chapters 1-3 Flashcards
Diffrence between eukaryotic and prokayotic
Eukaryotic has a nucleus prokaryotics dont
Emergent properties
specific properties put together (example the heart is made of smaller things)
Domain VS. animal kingdom
A domain is a larger group that includes multiple kindoms
Inductive VS. Deductive
Inductive- smaller things /deductive-making a conclusion of knowledge(taking larger things and breaking them down.
Four elements that make up 96% of the body
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
polarity
Unequal distribution of electrons that causes a positive charged end and negative charge end
Hydrogen bond
a non-covalent weak bond
Specific heat
Moderates air temperature (the amount of energy needed to make one unit of mass of a substance one degree warmer)
Heat of vaporization
amount of energy added to convert a liquid to a gas
Evaporation cooling
When air is cooled down to a comfortable temperature because of water evaporation
Why does ice float in water?
lattice arrangements allow molecules in ice to be further apart making ice less dense than water and allowing it to float.
Hydrophilic
Likes water
hydrophobic
scared of water
Which ions are acidic and a base?
Hydrogen ion(H+)=acidic /more of a hydroxide ion(HO-) =base
What is a buffer
resist changes in pH levels
Organic chemistry
life is made of mostly carbon (carbon compounds)
dehydration synthesis
creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers
fatty acids
a carboxylic acid made up of hydrogen/carboxylic/carbon sugar
saturated
saturated with hydrogen
unsaturated
double bonds that result in not enough hydrogen
what type of lipid is cholesterol
lipid/protein
polypetides
short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
what type of bond is formed within amino acids
peptide bonds
4 levels of protein structure
- beads /2.helix /3. mixture of 1 and 2. 3. groups of structure 3
denatured protein
hydrogen bonds are broken by chemical action/heat
Two types of nucleic acids? How do they work together?
DNA and RNA. They store and transmit genetic info
Purines vs. pyrimidines
Purines- A and G pyrimidines- C and T
DNA Structure
double helix (antiparralel)
three main parts of DNA nucleotide?
Nitrogen/ Phosphate/ Carbon based sugar
RNA VS. DNA
RNA contains the sugar ribosome while DNA contains another one
- DNA has A RNA has U
- RNA lacks methyl groups
10 levels of hierarchy-smallest to biggest
molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere.
Three domains
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
what is hydrogen bonding
the attraction between a hydrogen and electro-negative a atom
Why does water have cohesion
Negative and positive charges in water attract each othe r
What is a calorie
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C;
hydration shell
The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved Ion.
Molarity
he amount of a substance in a certain volume of solution.
function of carbohydrates
provide energy to the body
funtion of protein
required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.
