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Sociolgy 101 > Chapters 1,2,3,5 > Flashcards

Chapters 1,2,3,5 Flashcards

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1
Q

social science

A

To understand the social world.Study human relationships

Ex:psych,anthropology

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2
Q

Subculture

A

Much more accepted;distinguishable clothing/attitude

Ex:sports teams,Greek life at Gettysburg

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3
Q

Counterculture

A

Opposed to main stream culture

Distinctive but oppose

Ex:hippies,terrorists

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4
Q

Martineau

A
  • She was an English philosopher
  • Wrote the 1st sociological methods book
  • translated Comte’s ideas to English increasing exposure to his ideas
  • became advocate for the abolition of slavery
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5
Q

Jane addams

A

Created the Hull house
-this was where hundreds of people stayed
Instrumental in founding the NAACP
Couldn’t do much since she was a women

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6
Q

Real culture

Vs.

Ideal culture

A

Real culture
-how things actually are

Ex:same sex partners w kids, living in apartment

Ideal culture
-different from what they actually are

Ex: American family with 2 kids, dog , house and white fence

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7
Q

Gestures

A

Ways in which we communicate with our body

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8
Q

Science

A

A way of obtaining knowledge by applying systematic methods

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9
Q

Herbert spencer

A

Introduced “survival of the fittest”
-most capable members survive while the less capable die out

“Social Darwinism”

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10
Q

Macro-level analysis

A

Large scale patterns of society

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11
Q

The move

A

This was when sociology comes to the USA and Canada in the late 1800’s

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12
Q

Natural science

A

To comprehend,predict, and explain events in our natural world

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13
Q

W.E.B Dubois

A
  • 1st African American to get a Ph.D at Harvard
  • social activist/author
  • taught at university of Atlanta
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14
Q

Core values

A

Central key values that are held by everyone

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15
Q

Sociological perspective

A

The context of both history and culture are very important to how we view things and how we understand them.

your perspective is influenced by your historical/cultural time period

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16
Q

Culture shock

A

A feeling of disorientation when moving from one culture to another

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17
Q

Symbols

A

Meaning is assigned to it and is used to communicate

Language structures the way we think

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18
Q

Public sociology

A

Applying sociology for the public good

Target audience:policy makers

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19
Q

Functionalism

A

Macro-sociology,big picture theories

The structure of society
How people function in it to work together

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20
Q

Cultural diversity

A

Not every culture sees or believes the same things as other cultures

Can be expressed in many different ways

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21
Q

Micro-level analysis

A

Examining the small patterns of society

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22
Q

Albion small

A

Founded the first department of sociology at the university of Chicago

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23
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

Founder of functionalism

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24
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Seeing and judging another culture by your own culture standards

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25
Q

Cultural universal

A

Things that are present in every group
-this could be values,norms,traits

Ex:every person has to eat

they may take different forms in how to do it

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26
Q

Basic sociology

A

Focuses on gaining knowledge about people
Construct theories;test hypothesis
Target audience:sociologists

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27
Q

Folkways

A

Minor norms

Not strictly enforced

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28
Q

Society

A

Group of people who share a culture and territory

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29
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Seeing and judging another culture by their own standard

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30
Q

Sociology

A

The study of society and human behavior/human interaction

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31
Q

Karl Marx

A

Believed in the conflict theory
This was the struggle between workers and capitalists

Bourgeoise(capitalists) owned means of production
Proletariat(workers) did not own means of production

32
Q

Taboo

A

Extreme cultural “no-no’s”

Ex:cannibalism

33
Q

August Comte

A

Founder of sociology

“We should use the scientific method to study people”-positivism

34
Q

Applied sociology

A

Using sociology to solve problems
Need to focus on social reform+change

Ex:W.E.B Dubois + Jane Addams
Target audience:organization seeking change

35
Q

Mores

A

More strictly enforced

Ex:murder

36
Q

Norms

A

They are expectation for behavior

3 norms
Folkway
Mores
Taboo

37
Q

Values

A

Standards used to judge what is good/ bad + what is right/wrong

Norms
_________
Values are determined by norms
Values

38
Q

Socialization

A

“A process that is life long”

Taking on the culture
Learning norms,values,society

Process by which people learn the characteristics of a group

39
Q

Feral children

A

Children isolated from human contact

Ex:Jeanie locked in closet

40
Q

Institutionalize children

A

Children raised in group home settings

Ex:orphanage

41
Q

Deprived animals

A

Baby monkey in isolation

Choose which monkey to be fed by

1) furry monkey -choose this
2) wired monkey

42
Q

Looking glass-self

A

Came up by C.H Cooley

We all have social mirrors
Internalizing ideas of others into our concept of self

Reflect on how others think of us

43
Q

George Herbert mead

3stages of development of sense of self

A

Talks about taking the role of the other
Putting yourself into someone’s shoes

3 Stages

  1. imitation stage(0-3)-
  2. play stage(3-6)-want to take role of other people….. ex:girls want to be a princess
  3. game stage(7-8)-team/group play…..ex:have to learn how to play all positions
44
Q

Piagets cognitive development

A

4 stages

1.sensorimotor(0-2)

2.preoperational(2-7)-ability to use symbols
Ex:learn to read,ABC’s, count

  1. concrete operational(7-12)-need concrete examples
  2. formal operational(12+)-abstract reasoning
45
Q

Sigmund Freud

Development of the personality

A

Development of the personality

  1. iD-basic drives
  2. ego-balancer
  3. superego-internalized norms/values
46
Q

Id

A

Freud

Basic drives

Ex:food,water,sex

47
Q

Superego

A

Freud

Internalized norms/values,conscience

48
Q

Ego

A

Freud

Balance needs of id/ conditions of ego

49
Q

Culture

A

A total way of life for people

Values,norms,behaviors characterize a group

50
Q

Material culture

A

Things or objects

Ex:clothes,technology,cars,flags

51
Q

Non-material culture

A

Beliefs or ideas, a way of thinking

Ex:honor code

52
Q

Scientific method

A

This is employed by all sciences
Use of 5 senses in order to observe,hypothesis,theories,replication,research

if you can’t use it with five senses,it can’t be accessed by the scientific method

53
Q

Sanctions

A

Expressions for approval or disapproval given to people

54
Q

Negative sanction

A

Disapproval for breaking a norm

Ex:fine,jail,frown

55
Q

Positive sanction

A

A reward or positive reaction for following norms

Ex:high five,smile,prize, money

56
Q

Max Weber

A

Prolific sociological writer
“Symbolic interaction”
-society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning,develop views of world&I communicate with each other

57
Q

Secondary analysis

A

Analysis of data that has been collected by other researchers

58
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

Society is viewed as composed of symbols that people used to establish meaning,develop views of world, and communication with other

This is micro theory and they look at society from the bottom

59
Q

Case study

A

Analysis on a single event, situation or individual

60
Q

Conflict theory

A

Macrosociology

  • normal operation of society isn’t smooth functioning,rather conflict
  • people conflict for scare resources

Ex:teen tries to change rules to gain independence

61
Q

Fieldwork

A

This is when the researcher participates in a research setting while observing what is happening

62
Q

Analysis of documents

A

Documents that have been in-analyzed

63
Q

Open-ended questions

A

Give us your opinion

Ex:essay on test

64
Q

Closed-ended question

A

Specific responses attached

Ex:multiple choice

65
Q

Random sample

A

Everyone has an equal chance to be included in the study

66
Q

Survey

A

Given to a small group of a population

67
Q

Weber

A

Some of his works influenced “symbolic interaction”

68
Q

Culture

A

A total way of life for a particular person

69
Q

Survey instruments

A

Written,electronic,phone,interview

70
Q

Ethics in sociological research

A

“Do the right thing”
Do not harm
Many have codes of ethics
Confidentially with subjects (informed consent)
Usually use adults bec they give consent
Follow the finding
Do not deceive(full disclosure) or as little deception possible
Report all results completely and accurately

71
Q

Research model

A
  1. select topic
  2. define problem
  3. review the hypothesis
  4. form hypothesis
  5. choose a way to conduct the research
  6. collect data
  7. analyze results
  8. share results
72
Q

Cultural lag

A

Material and non-material culture culture may change at different rates

  1. materials come 1st
  2. non-materials after

Ex:people who don’t like computers/social media

73
Q

Experiment

A

Done more by social psychologist and sociologists

74
Q

Gender socioalization

A

Learning appropriate gender expectations for behavior
-for boys and men
-for girls and women
In which we learn masculinity and feminist expectations

Where do we see gender messages?
Media,clothing,toys,color,family

75
Q

Kohkberg

A

Concerned with development of moral compass
4 stages
1.amoral stage-all about me! No right or wrong
2.pre conventional stage-do something to please someone so you receive an award
3.conventional-stay out of trouble to follow rules
4.post conventional-people are able to reflect on abstract principles of right/wrong

76
Q

Gender binary

A

Could either be male or female

Sociolgy 101 (2 decks)

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