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Geometry > Chapters 1-2 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-2 Flashcards

0
Q

A location, it has neither shape nor size

A

Point

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1
Q

Terms explained only by using examples and descriptions

A

Undefined terms

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2
Q

Made up of points and has no thickness or width

A

Line

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3
Q

A flat surface made up of points that extend infinitely in all directions

A

Plane

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4
Q

Points that lie on the same line

A

Collinear

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5
Q

Points that do not lie on the same line

A

Noncollinear

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6
Q

Point that lie in the same plane

A

Coplanar

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7
Q

Points that do not lie in the same plane

A

Noncoplanar

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8
Q

The set of all points two or more geometric figures have on common

A

Intersection

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9
Q

Terms explained by using undefined terms and/ or other defined terms

A

Definitions or defined terms

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10
Q

Defined as a boundless 3D set of all points

A

Space

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11
Q

can be measured because it has two endpoints

A

line segment

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12
Q

for any two real numbers a and b there is a real number n that is between a and b such that a<b
-this also applies to points on a line

A

betweenness of points

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13
Q

segments that have the same measure

A

congruent segments

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14
Q

methods of creating geometric figures without using geometric tools

A

constructios

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15
Q

the length between two points on a segment with the points on as the endpoints

A

distance

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16
Q

a number that can not be expressed as a terminating or repeating decimal

A

irrational number

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17
Q

the halfway point between the segment and its endpoints

A

midpoint

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18
Q

any line, segment, or plane that intersects a segment at its midpoint

A

segment bisector

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19
Q

part of a line, has one endpoint and extends indefinitely in one direction

A

ray

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20
Q

if you choose a point on a line, that point determines exactly two of these
- since both of these share a common endpoint, they are collinear

A

opposite rays

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21
Q

formed by two noncollinear rays that have a common endpoint

A

angle

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22
Q

rays are called this in an angle

A

sides

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23
Q

common endpoint in an angle

A

verex

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24
Q

something inside the angle

A

interior

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25
Q

something outside of the angle

A

exterior

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26
Q

angles are measured in these units

A

degrees

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27
Q

an angle that has the measure of 90 degrees

A

right angle

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28
Q

an angle with a measure hat is smaller than 90 degrees and larer than 0 degrees

A

acute

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29
Q

an angle with a measure of larger than 90 degrees and smaller than 180 degrees

A

obtuse angle

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30
Q

a ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles

A

angle bisector

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31
Q

two angles that lie in the same plane and have a common vertex an common side, but no common interior points

A

adjacent angles

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32
Q

a pair of adjacent angles with noncommon sides that re opposite rays

A

linear pair

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33
Q

two nonadjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines

-congruent

A

vertical angles

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34
Q

two angles with measures that have a sum of 90 degrees

A

complementary angles

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35
Q

two angles with measures that have a sum of 180 degrees

A

supplementary angles

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36
Q

lines, segments, or rays that form right angles

A

perpendicular

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37
Q

a closed figure formed by a finite number of coplanar segments called sides such that the sides that have a common endpoint are noncollinear and each side intersects exactly two other sides, but only at their enpoints

A

polygon

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38
Q

the vertex of each angle in a polygon

-polygons are named by the letters in the vertices, written in order of consecutive vertices

A

vertex of the polygon

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39
Q

if lines were drawn on a polygon, some of the lines pass through the interior of the polygon

A

concave polygon

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40
Q

if lines were drawn on a polygon, none of the lines pass through the interior of the polygon

A

convex polygon

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41
Q

a polygon with 3 sides

A

triangle

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42
Q

a polygon with 4 sides

A

quadrilateral

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43
Q

a polygon with 5 sides

A

pentagon

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44
Q

a polygon with 6 sides

A

hexagon

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45
Q

a polygon with 7 sides

A

heptagon

46
Q

a polygon with 8 sides

A

octagon

47
Q

a polygon with 9 sides

A

nonagon

48
Q

a polygon with a 10 sides

A

decagon

49
Q

a polygon with 11 sides

A

hendecaon

50
Q

a polygon with 12 sides

A

dodecagon

51
Q

a polygon with n sides

A

n-gon

52
Q

a polygon in which all sides are conruent

A

equilateral polygon

53
Q

a polygon in which all angles are congruent

A

equiangular polygon

54
Q

a convex polygon that is both equiangular and equilateral

A

regular polygon

55
Q

a polygon that is not regular

A

irreglar polygon

56
Q

the sum of the lengths of the sides of the polygon

A

perimeter

57
Q

the distance around a circle

A

circumferece

58
Q

the number of square units needed to over a surface for a figure

A

area

59
Q

a solid with all flat surfaces that enclose a single region of space

A

polyhedron

60
Q

each flat surface of a polygon

A

face

61
Q

line segments where the faces intersect

A

edges

62
Q

the point where three or moe edges intersect

A

vertex

63
Q

a polyhedron with two parallel congruent faces called bases connected by a parallelogram faces

A

prism

64
Q

two parallel congruent faces

A

bases

65
Q

a polyhedron that has a polygonal base and three or more triangular faces that meet at a common vertex

A

pryramid

66
Q

a solid with congruent parallel circular bases connected by a curved surface

A

cylinder

67
Q

a solid with a circular base connected by a curved surface to a singe vertex

A

cone

68
Q

a set of points in space that are the same distance from a given point
-has no edges, faces, or vertices

A

sphere

69
Q

a polyhedron is called this if al of its faces are regular congruent polygons and all of the edges are congruet

A

regular polyhedron

70
Q

the five types of regular polyhedrons

A

Platonic Solids

71
Q

a 2D measurement of the surface of a solid figure

A

surface are

72
Q

the measure of the amount of space enclosed by a solid figure

A

volume

73
Q

reasoning that uses a number of specific examples to arrive at a conclusion

A

inductive reasoning

74
Q

a concluding statement reached using inductive reasoning

A

conjecture

75
Q

a false example to show that a conjecture is not true

A

counterexample

76
Q

a sentence that is either true or false

A

statement

77
Q

tells if a statement is either true or false

A

truth value

78
Q

has the opposite meaning as well as an opposte truth value of a statement

A

negation

79
Q

two or more statements joined by the work and or or form this

A

compound statement

80
Q

a compound statement using the word and is called this

-true only when both statements that form it are true

A

conjunction

81
Q

a compound statement that uses the word or is called this

A

disjunction

82
Q

a statement that can be written in if-then form

A

conditional statement

83
Q

Ex: if p then q

A

if-then statement

84
Q

the phrase immediately following the word if in a conditional statement

A

hypothesis

85
Q

the phrase immediately following the word then in a conditional statement

A

conclusion

86
Q

other statements that are based on a given conditional statement

A

related conditionals

87
Q

this is formed by exchanging the hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional

A

converse

88
Q

this is formed by negating both the hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional

A

inverse

89
Q

this is formed b negating both the hypothesis and the conclusion of the converse of the conditional

A

contrapositive

90
Q

statements with the same truth values are said to be this

A

logically equivalent

91
Q

this type of reasoning uses facts, rules, definitions, or properties to reach logical conclusions from given statements

A

deductive reasoning

92
Q

logically correct method of proving a conjecture

A

valid

93
Q

one valid form of deductive reasoning is this

A

Law of Detachment

94
Q

anther valid form of deductive reasoning
-allows you to draw conclusions from two true conditional statements when the conclusion of one statement is the hypothesis of the other

A

Law of Syllogism

95
Q

a statement that is accepted as true without proof

A

postulate or axiom

96
Q

once a statement or conjecture has been proven, it is called this ad it can be used as a reason to justify statements in other proofs

A

theorem

97
Q

you can create this by forming a logical chain of statements liking the given to what you are trying to prove

A

deductive reasoning

98
Q

one method f proving statements and conjectures

-involves writing a paragraph to explain why a conjecture for a given situation is true

A

paragraph proof

99
Q

another name for a paragraph proof

A

informal proofs

100
Q

a proof that is made up of a series of algebraic statements

A

algebraic proof

101
Q

contains statements and reasons organized in two columns

A

two-column proof or formal proof

102
Q

if A, B, and C are collinear, then point Bis between A and C if and only if AB+BC=AC

A

segment Addition Postulate

103
Q

the points on any line or line segment can be put into one-to-one correspondence with real numbers

A

Ruler Postulate

104
Q

reflexive property of congruence, symmetric property of congruence, and transitive property of congruence

A

properties of segment congruence

105
Q

given any angle, the measure can be put into one-to-one correspondence with real numbers between 0 and 180

A

protractor postulate

106
Q

if two angles form a linear pair, then they are supplementary angles

A

supplementary theormem

107
Q

if the noncommon sides of two adjacent angles form a right angle, then the angles are complementary angles

A

complementary theorem

108
Q

reflexive property of congruence, symmetric property of congruence, and transitive property of congruence

A

properties of angle congruence

109
Q

angles supplementary to the same angle or to congruent angles are congruent

A

congruent supplements theorem

110
Q

angles complementary to the same angle or to congruent angles are congruent

A

congruent complements theorem

111
Q

if two angles are vertical angles, then they are congruent

A

vertical angles theorem

112
Q

-perpendicular lines intersect to form 4 right angles; all right angles are congruent; perpendicular lines form congruent adjacent angles; if 2 right angles are congruent and supplementary, then each angle is a right angle; if 2 congruent angles form a linear pair, then they are right angles

A

right angle theorems

Geometry (7 decks)

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