Chapters 1&2 Flashcards
Who is Joseph Matarazzo?
Father of health psychology!
Health psychology
The aggregate of the specific educational, professional and scientific contributions to the discipline of psychology to the promotion and maintenance of health, the prevention and treatment of illness, and the identification of etiologic and diagnostic correlates of health, illness and related dysfunction.
What are the four aspects of health psychology, according to Matarazzo?
- Health promotion and maintenance
- Prevention and treatment of illness
- Etiology and correlates of health, illness, and dysfunction
- Impact of health professionals on people’s behaviour
What does “Health promotion and maintenance” consist of?
- Promote healthy behaviours (Eg. Exercise, diet, etc.)
- Prevent harmful behaviours (Eg. Addiction, unprotected sex, etc.)
- Design educational programs (Eg. Nutrition programs taught in schools)
- Design media campaigns (Eg. ParticipACTION in Canada)
What does “Prevention and treatment of illness” consist of?
- Prevent illness through health behaviours (Eg. Exercise helps reduce depression)
- Design prevention programs and campaigns (Eg. Programs and campaigns for drinking and driving prevention)
- Adjustment to life change due to illness
What does “Etiology and correlates of health, illness, and dysfunction” consist of?
- Identify causes of illnesses (Eg. Illness due to not moving our bodies regularly).
- Identify correlates of illnesses (Eg. Risk factor for CV disease is lack of exercise and poor eating)
- Describe experience of illnesses (Eg. What is the psychological experience of people who are chronically ill?)
What does “Impact of health professionals on people’s behaviour” consist of?
- Study impact of health systems on patients (Eg. Locking down care homes during COVID - terrible decision!)
- Advise medical professionals on patient impacts (Eg. How best to relate to patients - alot of doctors lack this which is problematic)
- Study and advise on patient compliance (Eg. The behaviour of patients when given a prescription - do they take it the way it is supposed to be taken?)
Behavioural medicine
The field concerned with the development of behavioral-science knowledge and techniques relevant to the understanding of physical health and illness and the application of this knowledge and these techniques to diagnosis, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Psychosis, neurosis, and substance abuse are included insofar as they contribute to physical disorders as an end point.
What are the goals of health psychology?
Quality of life enhancement and life extension by stress reduction and disease prevention (through changes in mental processes and behaviour).
What are the leading causes of death now compared to the leading causes of death in the 1900s?
Then: acute illnesses
Now: chronic illnesses
Who uses health psychology?
- Health Psychologists
- Clinical Psychologists
- Counselling Psychologists
- Physicians
- Nurses
- Physiotherapists
- Occupational Therapists
- Dietitian’s
- Social Workers
Health
A complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity.
Health care system
The complex array of arrangements of governance, funding, administrative, and service-delivery established to deliver personal health services and population-based health services, all in the effort to improve health and health-care outcomes.
Acute illness
- Short duration
- Usually infectious origin
- Usually reversible
- Eg. Cold, flu, sports injury, etc.
Chronic illness
- Long duration
- Disabling
- Usually irreversible
- Eg. Cancer, heart disease, long COVID, etc.
Morbidity
- Number of cases (new or existing).
- One point in time.
Mortality
Number of deaths.
What are the three levels of prevention?
- Primary prevention
- Secondary prevention
- Tertiary prevention
Primary prevention
- Disease or injury has not occurred.
- Aim: Avoid occurrence of condition.
- Eg. Smoking prevention promoted in high school.
Secondary prevention
- Early identification and treatment of the condition.
- Aim: Stop and reverse the condition.
- Eg. Programs that help to stop smoking when you’re still in the early stages of doing it.
Tertiary prevention
- Condition is well advanced/established.
- Aim: Contain and retard progress of the condition.
- Eg. Long term smokers develop heart disease or cancer, so lifestyle modifications are prescribed and the heart disease or cancer is treated.
What are the primary differences between the biomedical model of health and the biopsychosocial model of health?
What are the components of the nervous system composed of?
What are the components of the endocrine system? Briefly describe them:
- Adrenal medulla: secretes catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
- Adrenal cortex: secretes corticosteroids
What are the components of the cardiovascular system?
- Heart
- Blood pressure
- Blood disorders
What are the components of the immune system?
- Immune responses
- Lymphatic system
- Autoimmunity
- Gut microbiome
Won’t be tested on diagram
