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Dental Tissues > Chapters 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Chapters 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomic Nomenclature

A

Based on the body being in anatomic position (Body standing erect, arms to sides, palms and toes facing forward, eyes looking forward

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2
Q

Anterior

A

The front of an area

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3
Q

Posterior

A

The back of an area

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4
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head, upper

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5
Q

Inferior

A

Toward the feet, lower

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6
Q

Ventral

A

Directed towards the anterior

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7
Q

Dorsal

A

Directed towards the posterior

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8
Q

Median plane

A

Divides body equally into right and left halves, aka midsagittal plane

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9
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Parallel to median plane, divides body into right and left, not equal halves

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10
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides body into anterior and posterior parts

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11
Q

Horizontal plane

A

Divides body into superior and inferior parts, aka transverse plane

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12
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from the median plane

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12
Q

Medial

A

Closer to the median plane

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13
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the median plane

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14
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the median plane

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15
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Structure on the same side of the body

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16
Q

Contralateral

A

Structure on the opposite side of the body

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17
Q

Superficial

A

Toward the surface of the body

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18
Q

Anatomic variation

A

The size, shape, and exact placement of muscles and bones vary from person to person

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19
Q

Frontal Region

A

Includes the forehead and the area above the eyes

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19
Q

Deep

A

Inward, away from the surface of the body

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20
Q

Glabella

A

Smooth elevated area between the eyebrows

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20
Q

Frontal eminence

A

Prominence of the forehead

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21
Q

Supraorbital ridge

A

Directly inferior to each eyebrow

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22
Q

Orbital Region

A

Includes the eyeball and its supporting structures

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23
Q

Orbit

A

The bony socket of the eye, formed by various skull bones

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24
Q

Sclera

A

The whites of the eyes

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25
Q

Iris

A

Central area of coloration of the eye

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26
Q

Pupil

A

The opening at the center of the iris

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27
Q

Lacrimal fluid

A

Tears

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28
Q

Conjunctiva

A

A thin membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and front of the eyeball

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29
Q

Lateral canthus

A

Laterally, where the upper and lower eyelids meet

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30
Q

Medial canthus

A

Medially, where the upper and lower eyelids meet

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31
Q

Nasal Region

A

Main feature is the external nose

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32
Q

Root of the nose

A

Located between the eyes

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33
Q

Nasion

A

Inferior to the labella, a landmark that corresponds with the junction of underlying bones

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34
Q

Bridge of the nose

A

Inferior to the nasion

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35
Q

Naris

A

Nostril (plural is nares)

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36
Q

Nasal septum

A

At the midline, separating the nares

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37
Q

Ala

A

Winglike cartilaginous structure bordering the nares

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38
Q

Infraorbital Region

A

Located inferior to the orbital region and lateral to the nasal region

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39
Q

Zygomatic Region

A

Located lateral to the infraorbital region and overlies the cheekbone

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40
Q

Zygomatic arch

A

Cheekbone

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41
Q

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A

Where the upper skull forms a joint with the lower jaw

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42
Q

Buccal Region

A

Composed of the soft tissue of the cheek

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43
Q

Masseter muscle

A

Large muscle in the cheek, can be felt when teeth are clenched

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44
Q

Parietal and Occipital Region

A

Both regions covered by scalp, and defined by the deeper skull bones

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45
Q

Temporal Region

A

Includes the temple - superficial side of the head posterior to each eye, defined by deeper skull bones

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46
Q

Auricular Region

A

Prominent feature is the external ear

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47
Q

Auricle

A

The oval flap of the ear

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48
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

External opening of the “ear canal”

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49
Q

Helix

A

Superior and posterior free margin of auricle

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50
Q

Lobule

A

Fleshy protuberance of the earlobe

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51
Q

Tragus

A

Small flap of tissue anterior to the external acoustic meatus

52
Q

Mental Region

A

Major feature is the chin

53
Q

Mandible

A

The bone underlying the mental region

54
Q

Mandibular symphysis

A

Midline of the mandible

55
Q

Anterior cervical triangle

A

Submandibular, submental, carotid, and muscular triangles

56
Q

Posterior cervical triangle

A

Subclavian and occipital triangle

57
Q

Submandibular triangle

A

Bordered by the mandible, the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle

58
Q

Submental triangle

A

A midline triangle, bordered by the left and right anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the hyoid bone

59
Q

Muscular triangle

A

Bordered by the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, the hyoid bone, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle

60
Q

Carotid triangle

A

Bordered by the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle

61
Q

Subclavian triangle

A

Bordered by the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle, the sternocleidomastoid, and the clavicle

62
Q

Occipital triangle

A

Bordered by the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle, the sternocleidomastoid, and the trapezius muscle

63
Q

Facial

A

Structures and surfaces closest to the front

64
Q

Labial

A

Structures and surfaces facing towards the lips

65
Q

Buccal

A

Structures and surfaces facing towards the cheeks

66
Q

Lingual

A

Structures and surfaces facing towards the tongue

67
Q

Palatal

A

Structures and surfaces facing towards the palate

68
Q

Maxillary

A

Relating to the upper, or the maxilla

69
Q

Mandibular

A

Relating to the lower jaw, or the mandible

71
Q

Oral vestibules

A

Space between the inside of your lips/cheeks and your teeth

72
Q

Oral muscosa

A

Mucous membrane lining

73
Q

Buccal mucosa

A

Covers a dense pad of underlying fat tissue called the buccal fat pad

74
Q

Labial mucosa

A

Lining the inner parts of the lips

75
Q

Parotid papilla

A

Elevated portion of buccal tissue that protects the parotid duct, a salivary gland

76
Q

Labial frenum

A

A fold of tissue located at the midline of both upper and lower arches

77
Q

Maxilla

A

Upper jaw, consisting of two maxillary bones that come together at the midline; nonmovable

78
Q

Maxillary sinuses

A

Two large, pyramid-shaped cavities in the maxillary bones, located in the cheek area next to the nose

79
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw, a single bone with movable articulation

80
Q

Alveolar process

A

(aka alveolar bone) the bony extension for both maxilla and mandible that contain each tooth socket (aka alveolus)

81
Q

Maxillary arch (dental arch)

A

The maxillary alveolar process with the teeth (these are the maxillary teeth)

82
Q

Mandibular arch (dental arch)

A

The mandibular alveolar process with the teeth

83
Q

Maxillary tuberosity

A

Tissue-covered elevation in the bone distal to the last tooth in the maxillary arch

84
Q

Retromolar pad

A

Dense pad of tissue located distal to the last tooth of the mandibular arch

85
Q

Anterior teeth

A

Teeth in the front of the mouth (incisors and canines)

86
Q

Posterior teeth

A

Teeth in the back of the mouth (premolars and molars)

87
Q

Gingiva

A

Soft tissue surrounding the maxillary and mandibular teeth, covering the alveolar process, aka GUMS

88
Q

Attached gingiva

A

Gingiva that tightly adheres to the alveolar process surrounding the roots of the teeth

89
Q

Mucogingival junction

A

Line of demarcation between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa

90
Q

Marginal gingiva

A

Aka free gingiva, found at the margin of each tooth. Forms a cuff of tissue above the neck of the tooth.

91
Q

Free gingival crest

A

The most coronal (nearest the crown of the tooth) part of the marginal gingiva is called the free gingival crest

92
Q

Free gingival groove

A

Separates the marginal gingiva from the attached gingiva

93
Q

Interdental papilla

A

The gingival tissue between adjacent teeth

94
Q

Oral cavity proper

A

The inside of the mouth; the structures within the dental arches. BOUNDARIES: Anteriorly laterally by the teeth and gums, superiorly by the palate, inferiorly by the floor of the mouth, posteriorly by the opening into the pharynx

95
Q

Fauces

A

The opening from the oral cavity to the pharynx or throat. Formed laterally by the anterior faucial pillar and the posterior faucial pillar

96
Q

Faucial pillars

A

Folds of tissue created by underlying muscles

97
Q

Palatine tonsils

A

Located between the faucial pillars

98
Q

Palate

A

AKA the roof of the mouth. Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

99
Q

Hard palate

A

Bony, anterior portion of the palate

100
Q

Incisive papilla

A

Small bulge of tissue lingual to max. anterior teeth

101
Q

Palatine rugae

A

Firm ridges of tissue radiating posteriorly from incisive papilla

102
Q

Median palatine raphe

A

Midline ridge of tissue running the full length of the palate

103
Q

Soft palate

A

Softer, posterior part of the palate, more yellow in color

104
Q

Uvula

A

Midline muscular structure hanging from the midline of the soft palate

105
Q

Pterygomandibular fold

A

Extends from the junction of hard and soft palate down to the mandible

106
Q

Tongue

A

Prominent feature of the oral cavity proper, and the strongest muscle in the body

107
Q

Base (tongue)

A

Posterior 1/3 of tongue, attaches to the floor of the mouth. Base of the tongue lies in the throat rather than in the oral cavity proper

108
Q

Body (tongue)

A

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue that lies within the oral cavity proper

109
Q

Apex

A

Tip of the tongue

110
Q

Dorsal surface of the tongue

A

Top of the tongueq

111
Q

Median lingual sulcus

A

Midline depression of the tongue

112
Q

Lingual papillae

A

Small elevated structures of specialized mucosa

113
Q

Sulcus terminalis

A

Located far posteriorly, inverted v-shape groove. Separates the base of the tongue from the body of the tongue.

114
Q

Foremen cecum

A

A small, pit-like depression at the tip of the inverted V that makes up the sulcus terminalis

115
Q

Lateral surface of the tongue

A

Sides of the tongue

116
Q

Lingual tonsil

A

Irregularly shaped mass of tissue located on the base of the tongue

117
Q

Foliate lingual papillae

A

Vertical ridges on the lateral borders of the tongue

118
Q

Filiform papillae

A

Most numerous of the lingual papillae. Fine, small, cone-shaped papillae found on the anterior surface of the tongue. Responsible for giving the tongue its texture and the sensation of touch.

119
Q

Fungiform papillae

A

Reddish, small, mushroom-shaped. Contain tastebuds and play a key role in taste perception

120
Q

Circumvallate papillae

A

10-14 larger, circular in shape. Lined up anterior to the sulcus terminalis

121
Q

Foliate papillae

A

Vertical ridges on the lateral borders of the tongue

122
Q

Floor of the mouth

A

Located in the oral cavity proper, inferior to the ventral surface of the tongue

123
Q

Lingual frenum

A

Anterior midline fold of tissue connecting the ventral tongue and the floor of the mouth

124
Q

Sublingual fold

A

V-shaped configuration extending from lingual frenum to base of tongue. Represents underlying sublingual salivary gland

125
Q

Sublingual caruncle

A

Small bulges of tissue near lingual frenum which contain openings for the submandibular and sublingual ducts

126
Q

Submandibular duct

A

Wharton duct - opening to submandibular salivary gland

127
Q

Sublingual duct

A

Bartholin duct - opening to sublingual salivary gland.

128
Q

Pharynx

A

Muscular tube with both respiratory and digestive functions

129
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Superior to the soft palate, continuous with the nasal cavity

130
Q

Oropharynx

A

Between the soft palate and the opening of the larynx. Considered the “oral portion” of the pharynx

131
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

More inferior division of the pharynx

Dental Tissues (3 decks)

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