Chapter 15 Flashcards
Overview of Dentitions
Dentition
The natural teeth in the jaws
Permanent Dentition
(Adult teeth) Incisors (central and lateral), canines, premolars, and molars
The 3 Dentition Periods
Primary, mixed, permanent
Primary Dentition Period
- Begins with eruption of primary mandibular
incisors - Ends with eruption of first permanent tooth
- Occurs approx. 6 months - 6 years of age
Mixed Dentition Period
- Follows primary dentition period
- Transitional stage where both primary and
permanent teeth are in the mouth - Occurs approx. 6 years - 12 years of age
Permanent Dentition Period
- Follows mixed dentition period
- Only permanent teeth present in the mouth
- Occurs approx. 12 years of age
Quantity of Permanent Teeth
32 teeth
- 8 incisors (4 central and 4 lateral)
- 4 canines
- 8 premolars
- 12 molars (4 1st molars, 4 2nd molars, and 4 3rd molars)
Anterior teeth
Front teeth (includes incisors and canines)
Posterior teeth
Back teeth (includes premolars and molars)
Occlusion
The method by which the mandibular teeth come into contact with the maxillary teeth
Midline
An imaginary vertical plane that divides the teeth into two approximately equal right and left halves
Quadrants
The dental arches are divided into 4
sections (the right and left
half of the maxillary arch, and the
right and left half of the
mandibular arch
Sextants
Dividing each arch into thirds instead of halves
gives you 6 sections, as opposed to 4
D-A-Q-T System
DAQT is a system of describing
individual teeth
* D - Dentition (Primary or Permanent)
* A - Arch (Maxillary or Mandibular)
* Q - Quadrant (Right or Left)
* T - Tooth (Central/Lateral Incisor, Canine, 1st /2nd Premolar, 1st /2nd /3rd Molar)
Function of Incisors
Cut food
Function of Canines
Piercing, tearing, ripping
Extremely strong, deeply
anchored
Function of Premolars
Breaking food up into
smaller pieces, chewing
Function of Molars
Chewing (aka mastication)
Most chewing occurs here
Universal Numbering System
- Primary teeth are designated using consecutive letters A through T
- Permanent teeth are designated using consecutive numbers 1 through 32
- Begin on maxillary right, moving clockwise, ending with mandibular right
- Each tooth has a unique letter or number assigned only to that tooth
International Numbering System (aka
Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI)
System)
- Teeth are designated a 2-number code
- First digit indicates the quadrant a tooth is in
- Permanent teeth have quadrants 1, 2, 3, 4
- Primary teeth have quadrants 5, 6, 7, 8
- Second digit indicates the tooth’s position in the quadrant
- Permanent teeth have positions 1 through 8
- Primary teeth have positions 1 through 5
Palmer Notation
- System used during orthodontic treatment
- Quadrants are identified using a unique symbol (┘, └ ,┐ ,┌)
- Numbers indicate the tooth’s position in the quadrant (1 through 8) for permanent teeth
- Letters indicate the tooth’s position in the quadrant (A through E) for primary teeth
Crown
Top part of a tooth
Anatomic Crown
The part of a tooth covered by enamel
Clinical Crown
The part of the crown that is visible and not covered by gingiva
Neck
Constricted area between the crown and the root of a tooth
Root
The part of the tooth that sits in the bony socket (alveolus), anchors the tooth
Enamel
Covers the anatomic crown of the tooth, is the hardest substance in the body, and is somewhat translucent
Cementum
Covers the root of the tooth, very thin, not as hard as enamel, similar hardness to bone
Dentin
Lies beneath the enamel and cementum, makes up the major portion of the tooth. Much softer than
enamel.
Pulp
Where the nerves and vessels that supply the tooth are housed
Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ)
Where the enamel of the crown and cementum of the root meet, an external line at the neck of the tooth
Facial
Tooth surface closest to the surface of the face
Lingual
The facial surface of anterior teeth, near the lips
Buccal
The facial surface of posterior teeth, near the cheeks
Lingual (Palatal)
Tooth surface closest to the tongue
Occlusal/Incisal
The chewing surface of the teeth. Incisal is anterior and Occlusal is posterior
Mesial
Tooth surface closest to the midline
Distal
Tooth surface furthest from the midline
Proximal
The surface of a tooth that is next to an adjacent tooth
Interproximal
The area between two adjacent teeth
Contact Area
The area where the crowns of adjacent teeth physically contact one another
Embrasure
The curvatures next to the contact areas of adjacent teeth
Line Angle
A line angle is formed by the lines that are created at the junction of two surfaces
Horizontal Thirds (Crown)
Incisal/Occlusal, Middle,
Cervical
Vertical Thirds (Crown)
Mesial, Middle, Distal OR Buccal/Labial, Middle, Lingual
Horizontal Thirds (Root)
Apical, Middle, Cervica
