Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT > CHAPTER8 > Flashcards

CHAPTER8 Flashcards

1
Q

that management function which “involves
influencing others to engage in the work behaviors necessary to reach organizational goals.”

A

Leading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

refers to the ability of a leader to exert force on another.

A

power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

while leading refers to the _____, leadership refers to the ______.

A

function, process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Leaders are said to be able to
influence others because of the ______ they possess.

A

power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

engineer managers are expected to maintain effective work forces. To be able to do so, they are required to ______

A

perform leadership roles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

person who occupies a higher
position has ________ over persons in lower positions within the organization.

A

Legitimate Power.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The power possessed by leaders may be classified according to various bases. They are as follows:

A

legitimate power
reward power
coercive power
referent. power
expert power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

supervisor, for instance, can issue orders to the workers in his unit. Compliance can be expected.

A

Legitimate Power.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

refer to money or other tangible
benefits like cars, house and lot, ete.

A

Material rewards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When a person has the ability to give rewards to anybody who follows orders or requests, he is said to have ____.

A

reward power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Punishment may take the
form of :

A

demotion, dismissal, witholding of promotion, ete.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rewards may be classified into
two forms: .

A

material and psychic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

consist of recognition, praises, etc.

A

Psychic rewards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When a person compels another to
comply with orders through threats or punishment, he is said to possess ______.

A

coercive power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Experts provide specialized information’
regarding their specific lines of expertise.

A

Expert Power.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When a person can get compliance
from another because the latter would want to be identified with the former, that person is said to have

A

Referent Power.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This influence,
called expert power, is possessed by people with great skills
in _______.

A

technology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

exercised by environmetal scientists was enough to force governments throughout the
world to pass legislations favorable to environmental
protection.

A

The expert power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

may be referred to as “the process of
influencing and supporting others to work enthusiastically toward achieving objectives.”’

A

Leadership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

There are certain leadership traits identified by researchers and which may be useful in developing effective leaders. These traits are as follows:

A
  1. a high level of personal drive
    2.the desire to lead
    3.personal integrity
    4.self-confidence
    5.analytical ability or judgment
    6.knowledge of the company, industry or technology
    7.charisma
    8.creativity
    9.flexibility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Leadership is expected of
any _________ in charge of any unit or division.

A

manager

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Persons with drive are those identified as willing to accept responsibility, possess vigor,
initiative, persistence, and health.

A

Personal Drive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

is a very important leadership trait because of the possibility of failure
in every attempt to achieve certain goals.

A

drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

There are some persons who have
all the qualifications for leadership, yet they could not become leaders because they lack one special requirement:

A

The Desire to Lead.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Even if they are forced to act as leaders, they will not be effective because their efforts will be _____.

A

half-hearted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

leaders with a ______ will always have a reservoir of extra efforts which can be used whenever needed.

A

desire to lead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

person who is well-regarded by
others as one who has integrity possesses one trait of a leader.

A

Personal Integrity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

One who does not have _______ will -
have a hard time convincing his subordinates about the necessity of completing various tasks.

A

personal integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If this is the case, the leader will, then, resort to “exercising his” authority and getting things done entirely by the use or threat of use of the ___________ vested in him by virtue of the rank and position he occupies in the hierarchy.”

A

coercive powers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the __________ costs
will be too high to be maintained for a desirable length of time. As it is, the better option is to have personal
integrity.

A

economic and emotional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

According to ______, integrity means and includes “honesty, honour, incorruptibility, rectitude, righteousness, uprightness, and similar virtues.

A

V.K. Saraf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

According to V.K. Saraf, integrity means and includes

A

honesty, honour, incorruptibility, rectitude, righteousness, uprightness, and similar virtues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The activities of leaders require moves that will produce the needed outputs. The steps of conceptualizing, organizing, and implementing will be completed if sustained efforts are made.

A

Self-Confidence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

almost inevitably consummate salesmen who
radiate enormous contagious _______

A

self-confidence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

_______ was very precise when he declared self confidence as one of the traits of a good leader

A

Wess Roberts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A chieftain cannot win if he loses his nerve. He should be ________ and ________ and even if he does not win, he will know he has done his best.”

A

self-confident and self-reliant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Leaders are, oftentimes, faced with
difficulties that prevent the completion of assigned tasks.

A

Analytical Ability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

subordinate, for instance, may have a record of conti- nually failing to produce the needed output. A leader with sufficient skill to determine the root cause of the pro- blem may be able to help the subordinate to improve his production,

A

Analytical Ability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

is one desirable trait that a leader can use to tide him over many challenging aspects of leadership.

A

The ability to analyze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A leader who is well-informed about his company, the industry where the company belongs, and the technology utilized by the industry, will be in a better position to
provide directions to his unit.

A

Knowldege of the Company, Industry or Technology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Acompany, for example, may be the industry leader because it satisfies the need of its particular market, i.e., providing quality products at affordable prices. When a
competing firm is fast catching up with the leader, and the leader’s managers know this, they will better serve the interest of their company.

A

Knowldege of the Company, Industry or Technology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When a person has sufficient personal
magnetism that leads people to follow his directives, this person is said to have ______

A

charisma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

when used properly, _______ will help the leader” in achieving his goals. With some adjustments, subordinates may be expected to do their tasks willingly.

A

charisma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

“the ability to combine existing data, experience, and preconditions from various sources in such a way that the results
will be subjectively regarded as new, valuable, and inno vative, and as a direct solution to an identified problem situation.”

A

Ronnie Millevo , creativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

As leaders are tasked to provide solutions to problems besetting their particular units or divisions, _______ will be a very useful trait.

A

creativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Problems, are oftentimes, complex
and challenging, and if they are, the leader will need all the _______ he has.

A

creative abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

People differ in the way they do their work.
One will adapt a different method from another persons method.

A

Flexibility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A leader who allows this situation as long as the required outputs are produced, is said to be ________.

A

flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

It allows the other means of achieving goals when the prescribed manner is not appropriate.

A

wisdom in being flexible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Leaders need to have various skills to be effective. They are:

A
  1. technical skills
  2. human skills, and
  3. conceptual skills.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

These are skills a leader must
possess to enable him to understand and make decisions about work processes, activities, and technology.

A

Technical Skills.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

is the specialized knowledge needed to perform a job.

A

Technical Skills.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

when a leader has the technical skill related to his area of responsibility, he will be more _________ his functions.

A

confident in performing

31
Q

The engineer manager, for instance, must
be able to perform engineering jobs, if he wants to maintain a motivated work force.

A

Technical Skills.

31
Q

The manager of an electrical engineering firm
must possess the skill to install and maintain electrical facilities and equipment.

A

technical skills

31
Q

The engineer manager of a construction firm must have sufficient _______ to undertake construction
works.

A

technical skills

31
Q

Apart from motivating, human skills include :

A

coaching, communicating, morale building, training and development, help and supportiveness, and delegating.

32
Q

The punishment may take the form of

A

reprimand, suspension, or dismissal.

32
Q

These skills refer to the ability of a
leader to deal with people, both inside and outside organization.

A

Human Skills.

32
Q

Those in positions of leadership exhibit a pattern of behavior that is unique and different from other patterns.
This total pattern of behavior is called

A

leadership style.

33
Q

These skills refer to “the ability” to think in abstract terms, to see how parts fit together
to form the whole

A

Conceptual Skills.

33
Q

A very basic requirement for effect ive implementation is a ________________of what must be done. A leader without sufficient conceptual skills will fail to achieve this.

A

clear and well-expressed presentation

33
Q

good leaders must know how to get along
with people, __________, and ___________.

A

motivate them, and inspire them.

34
Q

The reward may be noneconomic like

A

membership in an advisory committee.

34
Q

there are several approaches used in classifying
leadership styles. They are as follows:”

A
  1. According to the ways leaders approach people to motivate them.
    2.According to the way the leader uses power.
    3.According to the leader’s orientation towards task and people.
34
Q

There are two ways, a leader may approach people. to motivate them.

A

positive leadership and negative leadership.

34
Q

When the leader’s approach emphasizes rewards, the style used is ________

A

positive leadership.

34
Q

The reward may be economic, like an

A

increase in monthly salary,

34
Q

When punishment is emphasized by the leader, the style is said to be _________,

A

negative leadership

34
Q

Leaders, sometimes, alternately use positive and negative leadership depending on the _________________.

A

characteristics of the individual subordinates

34
Q

Leadership styles also vary according to how power is used. They are as follows:

A

1.autocratic,
2.participative,
3.free-rein.

35
Q

the disadvantage of autocratic leadership

A

leader “receives little, if any, information and ideas his people as inputs. into his decision-making.”

35
Q

The _______ style is effective in emergencies and when absolute followership is needed

A

autocratic

35
Q

Leaders who make decisions
themselves, without consulting subordinates

A

Autocratic Leaders.

35
Q

Motivation takes the form of threats, punishment, and intimidation of all kinds.

A

Autocratic Leaders.

36
Q

advantage of participative leadership

A

generates a lot of good ideas.
increased support for decisions and the reduction

36
Q

when a leader openly invites
his subordinates to participate or share in decisions, policy-making and operation methods, he is said to be

A

Participative Leaders.

37
Q

disadvantage of participative

A

is that it is time-consuming and frustrating to people who prefer to see a quick decision reached.

37
Q

Free-Rein Leaders are also referred as

A

laissez-faire leaders.

37
Q

This leadership style is most applicable to certain organizations manned by professionals like doctors and engineers.

A

Free-Rein Leaders.

38
Q

there is full managerial delegation resulting to optimum utilization of time and resources. This happens because many people are motivated to full effort only if given this kind of free-rein.

A

free-rein leadership

38
Q

Leaders who set objectives ‘and allow employees or subordinates relative freedom to dé whatever it takes to accomplish these objectives,

A

Free-Rein Leaders.

39
Q

The weakness of free-rein leadership

A

there is very little managerial control and a high degree of risk.

40
Q

Leaders may be classified according to how they view tasks and people. Consequently, a leader may either be:

A

1.employee oriented
2.task oriented.

41
Q

Aleader is said to be ___________ when he considers employees as human beings
of “intrinsic importance and with individual and personal need to satisfy.

A

Employee Orientation.

42
Q

A leader is said to be ___________
if he places stress on production and the technical aspects of the job and the employees are viewed as the means of
petting the work done.

A

task-oriented

42
Q

is “an effort to determine through research which managerial practices ;and techniques are appropriate in specific situations.”

A

contingency approach

43
Q

The situational atior characteristi vary from organization to organization. To be effective, the situation must fit the leader. If this is not so, the following may be tried

A

1.Change the leader’s trait or behaviors.
2.Select leaders who have traits or behaviors fitting the situation.
3. Move leaders around in. the organization until they are in positions that fit them.
4. Change the situation.

43
Q

developed by Hersey and Blanchard suggests that the most important factor affecting the selection of a leader’s style is the development (or maturity) level of subordinate.”

A

Hersey and Blanchard Situational Leadership
Model

43
Q

The various contingency approaches are as follows:

A
  1. Fiedler’s Contingency Model
    2.Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership model
  2. Path-Goal Model of Leadership
  3. Vroom’s Decision Making Model
43
Q

ccording to ______, “leadership is effective when the leader’s style is appropriate to the situation.

A

Fred Fiedler, Fiedler’s Contingency Model

43
Q

Maturity has two components:

A
  1. job skills and knowledge, and
  2. psychological maturity.
43
Q

Fiedler’s Contingency Model situational characteristics is determined by three
principal factors:

A
  1. the relations between leaders and followers
  2. the structure of the task, and
  3. the power inherent in the leader’s position.
44
Q

blanchard and others elaborated on the leadership
styles appropriate for the various maturity level of subordiates. They are as follows

A

Style 1: Directing
Style 2: Coaching
Style 3: Supporting
Style 4: Delegating

44
Q

is for people who have some competence but lack commitment. They need direction
and supervision because they’re-still relatively inexperienced.

A

Coaching

44
Q

is for people who lack competence but are enthusiastic and committed. They need
direction and supervision to get them started.

A

Directing

44
Q

is for people who have both competence and commitment. They are able and willing
to work on a project by themselves with little supervision or support.

A

Delegating

44
Q

They also need support and praise to build their self-esteem, and involvement in decision-making to restore their commitment.

A

Coaching

45
Q

is for people who have competence but lack of confidence or motivation. They do not
need much direction because of their skills, but support is necessary to bolster their confidence and motivation.

A

Supporting

46
Q

Low ability + low willingness

A

Style 1 = DIRECTING

47
Q

Low ability + high willingness

A

Style 2 — COACHING

48
Q

Style 2 — COACHING -

A

direct and support

48
Q

Style 1 = DIRECTING —

A

structure, control, and supervise

49
Q

espoused by Robert J. House and Terence R. Mitchell, stipulates that leader- ship can be made effective because leaders can influence subordinate’s perceptions of their work goals, personal goals, and paths to goal attainment.

A

Path-Goal Model of Leadership

49
Q

By using the path-goal model, it is assumed that ef- fective leaders can enhance subordinate motivation by:”

A
  1. clarifying the subordinate’s perception of work goals,
  2. linking meaningful rewards with goal attain- ment, and
  3. explaining how goals and desired rewards can be achieved.
50
Q

High ability + low willingness

A

Style 3 - SUPPORTING

50
Q

High ability + high willingness

A

Style 4 — DELEGATING

51
Q

Style 3 - SUPPORTING —

A

raise, listen, and facilitate

51
Q

Style 4 — DELEGATING —

A

turn over responsibility for day-to-day
decision-making

51
Q

first path goal process

A

Leader identifies employee needs

51
Q

second path goal process

A

appropriate goals are established

52
Q

third path goal process

A

Leader connects rewards with goals

52
Q

fourth path goal process

A

Leader provides assistance on employee path toward goals

53
Q

fifth path goal process

A

employee becomes satisfied and motivated and
they accept the leader

54
Q

sixth path goal process

A

effective performance occurs

55
Q

seventh path goal process

A

both employees and organization better reach their goals

56
Q

The leadership styles which may be used by path-goal proponents are as follows:

A
  1. Directive leadership
  2. Supportive leadership
  3. Participative leadership
  4. Achievement-oriented leadership
57
Q

where the leader focuses. on clear task assignments, standards of successful performance, and work schedules.

A

Directive leadership

58
Q

where subordinates | are treated as equals in a friendly manner while striving to improve their well-being.

A

Supportive leadership

59
Q

where the leader consults with subordinates to seek their sug- gestions and then seriously considers those suggestions when making decisions.

A

Participative leadership

60
Q

is one that prescribes the proper leadership style for various situations, focu- sing on the appropriate degrees of delegation of decision- making authority.

A

Vroom’s model of leadership

60
Q

where the leader set challenging goals, emphasize excel- lence, and seek continuous improvement while maintaining a high degree of confidence that subordinates will meet difficult challenges in a responsible manner.

A

Achievement-oriented leadership

61
Q

Leader solves the problem or makes
the decision himself using available
information.

A

AUTOCRATIC LEADER

61
Q

Five distinct decision-making styles are identified under the Vroom model.

A

Two of them are autocratic, two others are consultative, and one is group directed.

62
Q

Leader obtains necessary information A
from subordinates, then decides.

A

AUTOCRATIC LEADER

63
Q

Leader approaches subordinates
individually getting their ideas then
makes decision,

A

CONSULTATIVE LEADER

64
Q

Leader shares the problem with subordinates as a group, obtaining their collective ideas and suggestions, then decides.

A

CONSULTATIVE LEADER

65
Q

Leaders need to have__________________ to be effective.

A

technical, human, and conceptual skills

65
Q

Leader shares the problem with subordinates as a group. Lets the group generate and evaluate alternative solutions, and then collectively decides.

A

GROUP DIRECTED

66
Q

Managers are expected to provide the required outputs by utilizing the various inputs including !abor. Those who provide labor, however, will perform when properly led. As such, engineer managers are required to possess _____________

A

leadership skills.

ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions