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English Medical Terminology > Chapter5: Cardiovascular System, Lymphatic, and Blood > Flashcards

Chapter5: Cardiovascular System, Lymphatic, and Blood Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Angioma

A

Tumor composed of blood vessels

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2
Q

Angioma

A

Tumor composed of blood vessels

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3
Q

Angiostenosis

A

Narrowing of a blood vessel

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4
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Narrowing, pertaining to aorta ( narrowing of aortic valve)

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5
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

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6
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening of fatty plaque(deposited on the Arterial wall)

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7
Q

Bradycardia

A

Condition of slow heart rate( rate less than 60 beats per minute)

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8
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlargement of the heart

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9
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle

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10
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart( particularly heart valve)

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11
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the muscle of the heart

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12
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart

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13
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of the vein

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14
Q

Polyarteritis

A

Inflammation of many arteries

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15
Q

Tachycardia

A

Condition of rapid heart rate ( rate more than 100 beats per min)

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16
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein associated with blood clot.

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17
Q

Valvulitis

A

Inflammation of the valve of the heart

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18
Q

Erythrocytopenia/ anemia

A

Abnormal reduction of red blood cells

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19
Q

Hematoma

A

Tumors of blood (collection of blood resulting from a broken blood vessels)

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20
Q

Leukocytopenia/ leukopenia

A

Abnormal reduction of white blood cells

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21
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

Tumors of the bone marrow

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22
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Abnormal reduction of all blood cells.

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23
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Abnormal reduction of blood clotting cells.

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24
Q

Thrombosis

A

Abnormal condition of a blood clot

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25
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot (attach to the interior wall of the arteries or veins)

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26
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Inflammation of lymph nodes.

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27
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Disease of lymph nodes( characterised by a normal enlargement of the lymph nodes associated with an infection or malignancy)

28
Q

Lymphoma

A

Tumor of lymphatic tissues(malignant)

29
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlargement of the spleen

30
Q

Thymoma

A

Tumors of the thymus gland

31
Q

Acute coronary syndrome(ACS)

A

sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to
the heart indicating unstable angina or acute
myocardial infarction

32
Q

Aneurysm

A

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

33
Q

Angina pectoris

A

chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and
jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply
of blood to the heart muscle.

34
Q

Arrhythmia

A

any disturbance or abnormality in the heart’s
normal rhythmic pattern

35
Q

Atrial fibrillation (AFib)

A

cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical
impulses in the atria. The atria quiver instead of contracting,
causing irregular ventricular response and the ejection of a
reduced amount of blood from both the atria and ventricles.
The blood that remains in the atria becomes static,
increasing the risk of clot formation, which may lead to a
stroke. Two types of AFib are paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
(PAF), which is intermittent, and chronic atrial fibrillation,
which is sustained

36
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation,
which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

37
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

acute compression of the heart caused by fluid
accumulation in the pericardial cavity

38
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing
of the aorta

39
Q

Congenital heart disease

A

Heart abnormality present at birth

40
Q

Coronary artery disease(CAD)

A

condition that reduces the flow of blood through the
coronary arteries to the myocardium that may progress
to denying the heart tissue sufficient oxygen and
nutrients to function normally; most often caused by
coronary atherosclerosis. CAD is a common cause of
heart failure or myocardial infarction.

41
Q

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body. Most
often occurs in the lower extremities. A clot, or part of a
clot, can break off and travel to the lungs, causing a
pulmonary embolism.

42
Q

Heart failure (HF)

A

condition in which there is an inability of the heart to
pump enough blood through the body to supply the
tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen (also called
congestive heart failure [CHF])

43
Q

Hypertension heart disease (HHD)

A

disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood
pressure

44
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking; a
condition seen in peripheral arterial disease.

45
Q

Ischaemia

A

condition of deficient blood flow due to constriction
or obstruction of a blood vessel. Myocardial ischemia,
or deficient blood to the heart muscle through
coronary arteries, is most commonly caused by
vessel constriction due to atherosclerosis and can
lead to myocardial infarction.

46
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually
caused by episodes of rheumatic fever

47
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

A

death (necrosis) of a portion of the myocardium
caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an
interrupted blood supply (also called heart attack)

48
Q

Peripheral Arterial disease (PAD)

A

disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting
in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery.
This is caused most commonly by atherosclerosis,
but occasionally by inflammatory diseases, emboli, or
thrombus formation. The most common symptom of
peripheral arterial disease is intermittent
claudication. (also called peripheral vascular disease
[PVD])

49
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by
one or more episodes of rheumatic fever

50
Q

Varicose veins

A

distended or tortuous veins usually found in the
lower extremities

51
Q

Anemia

A

condition in which there is a reduction in the number
of erythrocytes. Anemia may be caused by blood loss or
decrease in the production or increase in the destruction
of red blood cells.

52
Q

Embolus

A

blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that
enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at
another point in the circulation

53
Q

Hemophilia

A

inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a
deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII

54
Q

Leukemia

A

malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in
abnormal leukocytes formed in the bone marrow.

55
Q

Sepsis

A

condition in which pathogenic microorganisms, usually
bacteria, enter the bloodstream, causing a systemic
inflammatory response to the infection (also called
septicemia)

56
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized
by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually
beginning in the cervical nodes

57
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A

acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat,
fatigue, and fever. The disease affects mostly young
people and is usually transmitted by saliva.

58
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical repair of blood vessels

59
Q

Atherectomy

A

excision of fatty plaque (from a blocked artery using a
specialized catheter and a rotary cutter)

60
Q

Endarterectomy

A

excision within the artery (excision of plaque from the
arterial wall). This procedure is usually named for the
artery to be cleaned out, such as carotid endarterectomy,
which means removal of plaque from the wall of the
carotid artery

61
Q

Pericardiocentesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the sac surrounding
the heart (pericardium) (used to remove fluid or air,
usually to relieve cardiac tamponade)

62
Q

Phlebectomy

A

Excision of the a vein

63
Q

Valvuloplasty

A

Surgical repair of the valves (cardiac or venous )

64
Q

Splenopexy

A

Surgical fixation of the spleen

65
Q

Thymectomy

A

Excision of the thymus gland

English Medical Terminology (3 decks)

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