Chapter2.3-Peering at Plant Cells OO

Question 1

What are the two type of nucleic acids found in cells

Answer 1

RNA & DNA

Question 2

DNA, which is short forÉ

Answer 2

deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 3

This macromolecule like DNA are molecular specialists in information.

Answer 3

Nucleic acids

Question 4

This nucleic acid stores the information that determines the structure and function of all cells on earth

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

This nucleic acid is similar to DNA in structure, but more flexible in its functions.

Answer 5

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 6

Some of these nucleic acids carry information around the cell, some of them help build proteins, and some of them control when proteins are made

Answer 6

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 7

In terms of information, this nucleic acid is more like e-mails Ñ they contain information, but they can travel around and cause things to happen.

Answer 7

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 8

Nucleic acids are made fromÉ

Answer 8

nucleotides

Question 9

Nucleotides or complex molecules which are made of these 3 partsÉ

Answer 9

a 5-carbon sugar ,a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base

Question 10

In RNA nucleotides the 5-carbon sugar is called

Answer 10

Ribose

Question 11

In DNA nucleotides the 5-carbon sugar is called

Answer 11

deoxyribose

Question 12

Deoxyribose looks just like ribose, except that itÕs missingÉ

Answer 12

1 oxygen atom

Question 13

This nucleotide contains a phosphorous atom surrounded by oxygen atoms

Answer 13

A phosphate group:

Question 14

ringed molecules that contain the element nitrogen.

Answer 14

a nitrogenous base

Question 15

What are the 5 different nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides?

Answer 15

adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T), and uracil (U)

Question 16

DNA nitrogenous base nucleotides containÉ

Answer 16

adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T)

Question 17

RNA nitrogenous base nucleotides containÉ

Answer 17

adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G),uracil (U)

Question 18

Cells make DNA and RNA molecules by forming É

Answer 18

covalent bonds between nucleotides

Question 19

The chains formed by forming covalent bonds between nucleotides are calledÉ

Answer 19

polynucleotide chains

Question 20

DNA molecules contain… polynucleotide chains attached to each other byÉ When the two chains twist around each other they create theÉ

Answer 20

2/hydrogen bonds/double helix

Question 21

RNA molecules containÉ

Answer 21

One polynucleotide chain.

Question 22

The information code in DNA and RNA molecules depends uponÉ

Answer 22

the order of nitrogenous bases in the polynucleotide chain

Question 23

The genetic information of all cells is stored in molecules of DNA that are folded around proteins to form structures called

Answer 23

chromosomes

Question 24

This spells out the instructions that determine the traits of the organism.

Answer 24

The order, or sequence, of the four kinds of nucleotides within each chromosome

Question 25

molecules that donÕt mix with water, like fats, oils, and waxes.

Answer 25

Lipids

Question 26

Cells, including those of plants, use... to create boundaries around and within cells.

Answer 26

Lipids

Question 27

The one structural feature that all lipids have in common is lots of ... to each other withÉ

Answer 27

carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded/covalent bonds

Question 28

The carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded to each other with covalent bonds arenÕt polar at all, which means they are .... (In other words, theyÕre the opposite of the water molecules

Answer 28

electrically neutral

Question 29

Since lipids are the opposite of the water molecules when lipids are mixed into water, all the water molecules... but donÕt stick to É

Answer 29

stick to each other with hydrogen bond/the lipid molecules

Question 30

Molecules like lipids that donÕt mix with water are calledÉ

Answer 30

hydrophobic

Question 31

Molecules that do mix with water are calledÉ

Answer 31

hydrophilic

Question 32

a gas that acts like a blanket and traps heat on the earthÕs surface

Answer 32

greenhouse gas

Question 33

Whay are The fourt types of Lipids important to plant cells?

Answer 33

Triglycerides (fats and oils), Phospholipids, Steroids, Waxes

Question 34

This plant lipid stores energy and building materials for growthÉ

Answer 34

Triglycerides

Question 35

The difference between whether a triglyceride is a fat or an oil depends on how many...it has between its É

Answer 35

unsaturated bonds/carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 36

...result from two carbon atoms sharing two pairs of electrons from each other, forming aÉ

Answer 36

Unsaturated bonds/double bond

Question 37

This plant lipid contains lots of carbon atoms joined with single bonds.

Answer 37

Saturated fats

Question 38

Saturated fat molecules, like those in butter, can pack tightly together and areÉ

Answer 38

solid at room temperature.

Question 39

Unsaturated fats, like those in plant oils, have bent fatty acid chains, so they donÕt pack as tightly and are...

Answer 39

liquid at room temperature.

Question 40

The material that cells build membrane boundries out ofÉ

Answer 40

Phospholipids

Question 41

Boundries built out of Phospholipids

Answer 41

membranes

Question 42

Phospholipids are similar in structure toÉexcept one fatty acid chain is swapped for a É

Answer 42

triglycerides/hydrophilic head group

Question 43

Because one fatty acid chain is swapped for a hydrophilic head group,phospholipids have a... Ñ theyÕre ... at one end, and ... at the other.

Answer 43

dual nature/hydrophilic/hydrophobic

Question 44

Several plant hormones areÉ

Answer 44

Steroids

Question 45

Lipid molecules made of four connected carbon rings are called..

Answer 45

Steroids

Question 46

This particular type of plant steroid calledÉcontrols many aspects of plant ... and trigger responses that protect plants from stress

Answer 46

Brassinosteroids/growth and development

Question 47

Many plants use ...as a protective coating on the surfaces of leaves and other structures.

Answer 47

Waxes

Question 48

Waxes help prevent ... and can protect plants from...

Answer 48

water loss/insects and fungal pathogens