Chapter2.2-Peering at Plant Cells OO

Question 1

Molecules can change when they’re mixed with water to make or become a

Answer 1

Solution

Question 2

These are molecules that release ions into a solution

Answer 2

Acids and Bases

Question 3

When solutions become acidic or basic, they can

Answer 3

damage cells

Question 4

Molecules that release hydrogen ions (H+) into solutions.

Answer 4

Acids

Question 5

Adding to a solution increases the number of ions in the solution.

Answer 5

Acids

Question 6

Molecules that release hydroxide ions into solutions or that remove hydrogen ions from the solution.

Answer 6

Bases

Question 7

You can measure the potential for cellular damage by looking at the

Answer 7

pH of a solution

Question 8

a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution.

Answer 8

pH

Question 9

Increasing hydrogen ions makes a solution

Answer 9

more acidic

Question 10

decreasing hydrogen ions makes a solution…

Answer 10

more basic

Question 11

Most cells, including yours and the cells of plants, have a

Answer 11

Neutral pH

Question 12

The farther the pH of a solution gets from pH 7, the greater the potential

Answer 12

that it can disrupt the molecules that damage essential cells.

Question 13

Molecules can change when they’re mixed with water to make a…can even change the properties of the…itself.

Answer 13

Solution

Question 14

The cells of all living things, including plant cells, are primarily made of four types of big molecules, calledÉ

Answer 14

Macromolecules

Question 15

Name the four primary macromolecules found in plant cells

Answer 15

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids,

Question 16

Cells use … for storing energy and building materials and also to provide structure to the cell

Answer 16

Carbohydrates

Question 17

Many sweet tasting carbohydrates are smaller, simple sugars, called

Answer 17

monosaccharides

Question 18

Glucose is an example of a..

Answer 18

monosaccharide

Question 19

In this type of carbohydrate when in the water-filled environment of a cell, the molecule loops around and binds to itself, forming a ring-shaped structure

Answer 19

monosaccharides

Question 20

… may form bonds with each other to form larger structures.

Answer 20

Monosaccharides

Question 21

The three type of structures that monosaccharides can form when creating larger structures.

Answer 21

Glucose bonds with Fructose, Short chains of monosaccharides, Long chains of monosaccharides

Question 22

Glucose bonds with fructose it formsÉ

Answer 22

disaccharide sucrose

Question 23

Short chains of monosaccharides formÉ

Answer 23

oligosaccharides

Question 24

Long chains of monosaccharides or form

Answer 24

polysaccharides

Question 25

This type of of monosaccharides structure send signals to plant cells, triggering growth responses and defense mechanisms

Answer 25

oligosaccharides

Question 26

polysaccharides referred to as..

Answer 26

Complex carbohydrates

Question 27

Like monosaccharides, ... are important molecules for storing energy and building materials and then making them available to cells

Answer 27

polysaccharides

Question 28

Plants reinforce the structure of their cells with theÉ and this is alsoone of the major components of the cell wall that surrounds and supports plant cells.

Answer 28

polysaccharide cellulose

Question 29

Fiber is the common name for a plant polysaccharide calledÉ

Answer 29

cellulose

Question 30

a long chain of glucose molecules strung together

Answer 30

cellulose

Question 31

when you digest ..., your body separates it into individual ... that you can easily break down for energy or rearrange to build your cells.

Answer 31

Starch/glucose molecules

Question 32

when ..., hits your digestive system, it just passes on through as long chains. Your body canÕt access the ... molecules at all.

Answer 32

cellulose, or fiber/ glucose

Question 33

Name the 4 types of essential proteins in plants.

Answer 33

Enzymes, Structural, Transport, and Receptor Proteins

Question 34

To make a protein, cells link several É via ... These bonds are calledÉ

Answer 34

amino acids/covalent bonds/peptide bonds

Question 35

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions

Answer 35

Enzymes

Question 36

Plant cells, just like all cells, use... to make those reactions happen exactly when plants need them.

Answer 36

Enzymes

Question 37

This type of protein supports the cell

Answer 37

Structural Proteins

Question 38

A type of structural protein that creates protein cables inside plant cells, provide supportive scaffolding from the inside.

Answer 38

cytoskeletal proteins

Question 39

Outside the cell, proteins are woven into the plantÉ this is a a protective layer that encases plant cells.

Answer 39

Cell wall

Question 40

This type of protein moves materials into and within plant cells.

Answer 40

Transport proteins

Question 41

This type of protein located at the boundary of the cell help create passageways for these materials.

Answer 41

Transport proteins

Question 42

Inside the cell, molecules and structures may use cytoskeletal proteins as tracks that allow them to move around the cell describes which protein?

Answer 42

Transport proteins

Question 43

These proteins help plant cells communicate, and are located on the surfaces or insides of cells.

Answer 43

Receptor proteins