chapter14

Question 1

abandon

Answer 1

رها کردن
تسلیم شدن
واگذاری

Question 2

adjacent

Answer 2

next
side by side with

مجاور
همسایه
نزدیک

Question 3

annual

Answer 3

yearly

سالیانه

Question 4

benefit

Answer 4

gain
advantages
سود
بهره

Question 5

cite

Answer 5

to mention s.th as an example
گفتن
ذکر کردن

Question 6

conduct

Answer 6

to do s.th especially in order to get information or prove facts
هدایت کردن
اداره کردن
بردن

Question 7

devote

Answer 7

to use a particular area period of time or amount of space for a specific purpose
اختصاص دادن
فدا کردن

Question 8

diminish

Answer 8

to become smaller or less important
کاستن
کم شدن
تقلیل

Question 9

duration

Answer 9

length
period
مدت
طول
استمرار

Question 10

expansion

Answer 10

the act or proscess of increasing in size,number,amount or range
توسعه
بسط
انبساط

Question 11

expert

Answer 11

especialist
professional
کارشناس
متخصص

Question 12

inevitable

Answer 12

unavoidable
inescapable
اجتناب ناپذیر
بدیهی

Question 13

input

Answer 13

ideas ,advice,money or effort that you put into a job ,meeting etc…in order to help it succeesdخرج
پول
ورودی

Question 14

minimize

Answer 14

کمینه کردن

به حداقل رساندن

Question 15

nevertheless

Answer 15

yet
even so
با این حال
مع هذا

Question 16

region

Answer 16

a fairly large area of a statee,country ….
ناحیه
منطقه

Question 17

terminate

Answer 17

ended
concluded
خاتمه دادن
پایان دادن

Question 18

ultimate

Answer 18

happening at the end of a long process
نهایی
غایی
آخر

Question 19

virtually

Answer 19

almost
nearly
تقریبا

Question 20

volume

Answer 20

the amount of space that s.th contains or fill
بزرگ شدن
افزوده شدن

Question 21

occur

Answer 21

happen
take place
رویدادن
رخ دادن
اتفاق افتادن

Question 22

outcome

Answer 22

result
conclusion
نتیجه
حاصل

Question 23

predict

Answer 23

anticipate
forecast
پیش گویی
پیش بینی

Question 24

prohibitive

Answer 24

too expensive to pay for
جلوگیری کننده
ممانعت کننده

Question 25

commodity prices

Answer 25

A reasonably interchangeable good or material, bought and sold freely as an article of commerce. Commodities include agricultural products, fuels, and metals and are traded in bulk on a commodity exchange or spot market.
معامله پایاپا

Question 26

commodity production

Answer 26

Simple commodity production (also known as “petty commodity production”

Question 27

commodity market

Answer 27

A commodity market is a market that trades in primary economic sector rather than manufactured products. Soft commodities are agricultural products such as wheat, coffee, cocoa, fruit and sugar. Hard commodities are mined, such as gold and oil

Question 28

commodity exchange

Answer 28

an organized market where future delivery contracts for graded commodities (as grains, cotton, sugar, coffee, wool) are bought and sold

Question 29

clarify a position

Answer 29

to make understandable clarify a subject The president was forced to clarify his position on the issue.

Question 30

clarify a point

Answer 30

verb. To clarify something means to make it easier to understand, usually by explaining it in more detail. … VERB noun] A bank spokesman was unable to clarify the situation

Question 31

clarify an issue

Answer 31

1(formal) to make something clearer or easier to understand clarify something to clarify a situation/problem/issue I hope this clarifies my position. The law on drugs needs to be clarified. Talking to someone has helped clarify my feeling

Question 32

ensure safety

Answer 32

to make sure or certain; guarantee; secure. measures to ensure accuracy. to make safe; protect

Question 33

ensure success

Answer 33

If you ensure success or someone’s safety, you are guaranteeing it. Make sure you can really come through with something before you ensure it! .

Question 34

ensure compliance

Answer 34

In general, compliance means conforming to a rule, such as a specification, policy, standard or law. Regulatory compliance describes the goal that organisations aspire to achieve in their efforts to ensure that they are aware of and take steps to comply with relevant laws, polices, and regulations

Question 35

ensure standards

Answer 35

to take care of rules

Question 36

mutual fund

Answer 36

سرمایه مشترک

Question 37

mutual respect

Answer 37

احترام متقابل

Question 38

mutual support

Answer 38

….

Question 39

mutual friends

Answer 39

دوستان مشترک

Question 40

precise nature

Answer 40

exact reason for

Question 41

precise location

Answer 41

definitely or strictly stated, defined, or fixed: precise directions. 2. being exactly that and neither more nor less: a precise temperature; a precise amount.

Question 42

precise moment

Answer 42

exact time

Question 43

fluctuating patterns

Answer 43

trend

Question 44

fluctuating fortunes

Answer 44

a cost of something