chapter14 Flashcards
abandon
رها کردن
تسلیم شدن
واگذاری
adjacent
next
side by side with
مجاور
همسایه
نزدیک
annual
yearly
سالیانه
benefit
gain
advantages
سود
بهره
cite
to mention s.th as an example
گفتن
ذکر کردن
conduct
to do s.th especially in order to get information or prove facts
هدایت کردن
اداره کردن
بردن
devote
to use a particular area period of time or amount of space for a specific purpose
اختصاص دادن
فدا کردن
diminish
to become smaller or less important
کاستن
کم شدن
تقلیل
duration
length period مدت طول استمرار
expansion
the act or proscess of increasing in size,number,amount or range
توسعه
بسط
انبساط
expert
especialist
professional
کارشناس
متخصص
inevitable
unavoidable
inescapable
اجتناب ناپذیر
بدیهی
input
ideas ,advice,money or effort that you put into a job ,meeting etc…in order to help it succeesdخرج
پول
ورودی
minimize
کمینه کردن
به حداقل رساندن
nevertheless
yet
even so
با این حال
مع هذا
region
a fairly large area of a statee,country ….
ناحیه
منطقه
terminate
ended
concluded
خاتمه دادن
پایان دادن
ultimate
happening at the end of a long process
نهایی
غایی
آخر
virtually
almost
nearly
تقریبا
volume
the amount of space that s.th contains or fill
بزرگ شدن
افزوده شدن
occur
happen take place رویدادن رخ دادن اتفاق افتادن
outcome
result
conclusion
نتیجه
حاصل
predict
anticipate
forecast
پیش گویی
پیش بینی
prohibitive
too expensive to pay for
جلوگیری کننده
ممانعت کننده
commodity prices
A reasonably interchangeable good or material, bought and sold freely as an article of commerce. Commodities include agricultural products, fuels, and metals and are traded in bulk on a commodity exchange or spot market.
معامله پایاپا
commodity production
Simple commodity production (also known as “petty commodity production”
commodity market
A commodity market is a market that trades in primary economic sector rather than manufactured products. Soft commodities are agricultural products such as wheat, coffee, cocoa, fruit and sugar. Hard commodities are mined, such as gold and oil
commodity exchange
an organized market where future delivery contracts for graded commodities (as grains, cotton, sugar, coffee, wool) are bought and sold
clarify a position
to make understandable clarify a subject The president was forced to clarify his position on the issue.
clarify a point
verb. To clarify something means to make it easier to understand, usually by explaining it in more detail. … VERB noun] A bank spokesman was unable to clarify the situation
clarify an issue
1(formal) to make something clearer or easier to understand clarify something to clarify a situation/problem/issue I hope this clarifies my position. The law on drugs needs to be clarified. Talking to someone has helped clarify my feeling
ensure safety
to make sure or certain; guarantee; secure. measures to ensure accuracy. to make safe; protect
ensure success
If you ensure success or someone’s safety, you are guaranteeing it. Make sure you can really come through with something before you ensure it! .
ensure compliance
In general, compliance means conforming to a rule, such as a specification, policy, standard or law. Regulatory compliance describes the goal that organisations aspire to achieve in their efforts to ensure that they are aware of and take steps to comply with relevant laws, polices, and regulations
ensure standards
to take care of rules
mutual fund
سرمایه مشترک
mutual respect
احترام متقابل
mutual support
….
mutual friends
دوستان مشترک
precise nature
exact reason for
precise location
definitely or strictly stated, defined, or fixed: precise directions. 2. being exactly that and neither more nor less: a precise temperature; a precise amount.
precise moment
exact time
fluctuating patterns
trend
fluctuating fortunes
a cost of something
