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ORLPTD1 > CHAPTER VI: DENTAL CARIES > Flashcards

CHAPTER VI: DENTAL CARIES Flashcards

1
Q
  • Most prevalent chronic disease affecting the human raise
  • Characterized by demineralization of inorganic substances and destruction of the organic substances.
A

DENTAL CARIES

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2
Q

ESSENTIAL FACTORS OF DENTAL CARIES

A
  • TOOTH
  • DIET (CHO)
  • DENTAL PLAQUE
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3
Q

TOOTH PREVENTIVE MEASURES/ TREATMENT

A
  • PROPHYLACTIC ODONTOTOMY
  • PIT AND FISSURE SEALANT
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4
Q

Conservative occlusal restorations of deep pit and fissures prior to caries
* Procedure that we are doing the restorative treatment with the use of packable composite.
* The widening of the grooves with a cone shape dental bur
* Has no tooth preparation or conservative preparation. Just place acid etch on the occlusal surface, then wash and placement of packable/ flowable composite.

A
  • PROPHYLACTIC ODONTOTOMY
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5
Q

Adherent materials placed on the occlusal surfaces of teeth
* Treating but has preparation
* Uses flowable composite, is being cured with a light curing machine.

A

PIT AND FISSURE SEALANT

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6
Q

Ingestion of food by mouth is essential for the development of dental caries

A

DIET (CHO)

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7
Q

most cariogenic food especially refined sugars because these are readily fermentable

A

Carbohydrates

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8
Q

They can be converted to lactic acid that will be the reason of the degeneration of the inorganic of the tooth

A

Fermentable

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9
Q

with which sugar is consumed is more important rather than is quality and quantity

A

Frequency

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10
Q

in its liquid form consumed with meals causes no increase in dental caries compared to sugar ingested either between meals or in the form that persist in the oral cavity

A

Sucrose

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11
Q

FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE CARIOGENECITY OF CARBOHYDRATES

A
  1. Frequency of ingestion
  2. Physical form
  3. Chemical composition
  4. Route of administration
  5. Presence of other food constituents
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12
Q

capability of the food intake that causes the carious lesion

A

Cariogenecity

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13
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF CARIOGENIC CARBOHYDRATES

A
  1. Sticky, solid carbohydrates
  2. Soft retentive food are more cariogenic
  3. Carbohydrates that are slowly cleared in the oral cavity by saliva
  4. Monosaccharides and disaccharides
  5. Refined, pure carbohydrates
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14
Q
  • In triad, this is the third one
  • This is where the bacteria stays
  • Tenacious film that forms on the tooth surface composed of mucin, desquamated epithelial cells and bacteria
  • Serves as medium of nourishment of bacteria
A

DENTAL PLAQUE

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15
Q

BACTERIAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT DETERMINE THEIR ABILITY TO INITIATE CARIES FORMATION

A
  1. The ability to adhere to the tooth surface
  2. Acidogenicity
  3. Aciduricity
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16
Q

ability of the bacteria to rapidly form lactic acid and other acids from sugars

A

Acidogenicity

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17
Q

the ability of bacteria to survive in low pH environment

A

Aciduricity

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18
Q

CAUSATIVE BACTERIA OF DENTAL CARIES

A
  • STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS
  • LACTIBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS
  • ACTINOMYCES
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19
Q

ROLE OF ACIDS

A

Bacterial degradation of carbohydrates to form lactic acid that demineralizes the inorganic structures of the teeth

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20
Q

Most cariogenic bacteria

A

STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS

21
Q

PREDISPOSING FACTORS OF CARIES

A
  • TOOTH
  • SALIVA
  • DIET FACTOR
  • SYSTEMIC FACTORS
22
Q

PREDISPOSING FACTORS

TOOTH

A
  1. Composition of tooth
  2. Morphologic characteristics of the tooth
  3. Tooth position
23
Q

PREDISPOSING FACTORS

SALIVA

A
  1. Composition of saliva
  2. pH of saliva
  3. Quantity of saliva
  4. Viscosity of saliva
  5. Antibacterial property of saliva
  6. Buffer capacity of saliva
24
Q

PREDISPOSING FACTORS

DIET FACTOR

A
  1. Physical nature of diet
  2. Carbohydrate content of diet
  3. Vitamin content of diet
  4. Calcium and phosphorus dietary intake
  5. Fluorine content of diet
25
Q

PREDISPOSING FACTORS

SYSTEMIC FACTORS

A
  1. Hereditary
  2. Pregnancy and lactation
26
Q
  • By Miller
  • Stated that dental caries is a chemico-parasitic process with two stages
  • Decalcification of enamel which results in total destruction
  • Decalcification of dentin as preliminary stage, followed by dissolution of the softened residue.
A

ACIDOGENIC THEORY

27
Q
  • By Gottlieb
  • Caries is essentially a proteolytic process whereby microorganisms (where enamel rods come in) invade inorganic pathways and destroy them in their advance
  • Dissolution of organic substance and demineralization of inorganic substance
A

PROTEOLYTIC THEORY

28
Q
  • By Schatz
  • Bacterial attack on enamel initiated by keratinolytic microorganisms
  • Consists in a breakdown of protein and other organic components of enamel, chiefly keratin
  • Resulting in formation of substances forming chelates with the mineralized component of the tooth and decalcify enamel or even alkaline pH
A

PROTEOLYSIS-CHELATION THEORY

29
Q

CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL CARIES

ACCORDING TO LOCATION

A
  • PIT AND FISSURE
  • SMOOTH SURFACE
30
Q

Occlusal surfaces of posteriors and lingual pits of anteriors

A

PIT AND FISSURE

31
Q

Early manifestations of pits and fissure caries

A
  • Brownish/blackish line on pit and fissure
  • Caused by food stagnation with bacterial decomposition in the pit and fissure
32
Q

Prevention of pits and fissure caries

A
  • Prophylactic odontontomy
  • Pit and fissure sealants
33
Q
  • Facial, lingual, proximal areas below contact points
  • Gingival 3rd of buccal and lingual surfaces
A

SMOOTH SURFACE

34
Q

Early manifestation of smooth surface caries

A
  • Chalky white discoloration
  • Loss of inerprismatic substance
  • Prominence of enamel rods
  • Roughening of terminal ends of enamel rods
  • Accentuation of incremental lines of Retzius
35
Q

ACCORDING TO THE RAPIDITY OF THE PROCESS

A
  • ACUTE CARIES
  • CHRONIC CARIES
36
Q
  • Deep penetrating
  • Rapid clinical destruction of teeth
  • Pulp easily involved
  • Pain is a constant symptom
  • Minimal cavitation but there is sharp pain
A

Acute crown caries

37
Q
  • Shallow disintegrating type
  • Affects roots at interproximal surface
A

Acute root caries

38
Q
  • Slow, long standing lesion
  • Dark brown in color with decalcified dentin leathery in consistency and with secondary dentin deposition
  • Delayed pulp involvement
  • Absence of pain
A

Chronic crown and root carie

39
Q

secondary dentin deposition

A

reparative dentin

40
Q
  • Static or stationary caries that does not show any marked tendency for further progression
  • Brown stain, hard and polished surface
  • Dentin is referred to as eburnated dentin
A

Arrested caries

41
Q

ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF LESION

A
  • PRIMARY CARIES
  • SECONDARY CARIES
42
Q
  • Virgin caries
  • First caries seen
  • Starts from intact surface of dentin
A

PRIMARY CARIES

43
Q
  • Recurrent caries
  • Recurrence of caries after treatment or occurs in the immediate vicinity of a restoration (marginal caries)
  • Seen on teeth with marked attrition of broken off crown (central caries)
  • Caries seen on a restored attrited tooth or broken crown
A

SECONDARY CARIES

44
Q

Methods of Caries Control:

A
  • Toothbrushing
  • Flossing
  • Fluoride treatment (Fluoridation)
  • Pit and fissure sealants
  • Oral prophylaxis (together with topical fluoride application)
45
Q

WHAT IS DENTAL CARIES?

A
  • It is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth
  • It is covered by plaque, which consists mainly of bacteria.
46
Q

Plaque consists mainly of what?

A
  • bacteria,
  • mucin,
  • and other desquamated cells
47
Q

is often found close to the gum, in between teeth, in fissures and at other “hidden” sites (proximal areas)

A

Plaque

48
Q

When sugar and other fermentable CHO reaches the bacteria, they form (lactic) acids which start to dissolve the enamel – an early caries lesion occurs due to loss of calcium and phosphate

A

DEMINERALIZATION

49
Q

When sugar consumption has ceased, saliva can wash away sugars and buffer the acids. Calcium and phosphates can again enter the tooth. The process is strongly facilitated by fluorides.

A

REMINERALIZATION

ORLPTD1 (7 decks)

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