Chapter two: Plate tectonics

Question 1

active continental margins

Answer 1

Plate Boundaries

Question 2

Passive continental margins

Answer 2

Are not plate boundaries

Question 3

Margin

Answer 3

boundary between a continent and an ocean

Question 4

Continental Shelf

Answer 4

Thick sediment cover, gentle
slope, shallow to moderate
depth

Question 5

Abyssal Plain

Answer 5

nearly flat
in slope, deep depth,
overlies oceanic crust

Question 6

How many type of plate boundaries are there ?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

what are the types of plate boundaries

Answer 7

1- Divergent
2- Convergent
3- Transform

Question 8

Type 1 - Divergent Plate Boundary

Answer 8

Two plates that pull away or separate
from each other. Produces new crust
Effect of movement – Sea Floor Spreading
Magma wells up to fill the gap.
* Magma cools, adding material to each plate.

Question 9

Type 2 - Convergent Plate Boundary

Answer 9

Two plates that move towards or
collide with each other. Consume old crust
Effect of movement – Subduction or Collision

Question 10

Type 3 - Transform Plate Boundary

Answer 10

Two plates that slide horizontally past each
other. Does NOT consume or create crust - Transform (sideways slipping) motion

Question 11

Mid-Ocean Ridges

Answer 11

Linear mountain ranges in Earth’s ocean basins.

Question 12

Why Are Mid-Ocean Ridges Elevated?

Answer 12

New oceanic crust is warmer and less dense, and very
little lithosphere has been added, close to the ridges.
Older crust is cooler and denser, and the thicker
lithospheric mantle adds even more weight, pulling the
whole lithosphere down into the asthenosphere

Question 13

Triple Junctions

Answer 13

Where three plates meet.

Question 14

Hot Spots

Answer 14

Hot spots arise from hot mantle plumes that are stationary through timeand buoyantly rise through the crust,

Question 15

P-waves

Answer 15

emitted by earthquakes travel through both solids and liquids

Question 16

S-waves

Answer 16

emitted by earthquakes travel only through solids

Question 17

Earths core

Answer 17

Earths core is thought to be be rich in iron and Nickel

Question 18

Mountain chains

Answer 18

Mountain building also known as orogenesis.

Question 19

Normal faults

Answer 19

occur when a block of rock, called the hanging wall moves downward relative to the block on the other side of the fault, called the footwall

Question 20

Reverse faults

Answer 20

are the opposite of normal faults. in reverse the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall

Question 21

thrust fault

Answer 21

A particular reverse fault in which the angle of the fault is quite low or nearly horizontal.

Question 22

strike spilt fault

Answer 22

involve horizontal movements of rocks relative to each other along the fault

Question 23

What is the largest tectonic plate?

Answer 23

the Pacific Plate