Chapter one Flashcards

1
Q

What is geology ?

A

The science that studies the history of earth preserved by fossils.

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2
Q

Earth system : Solid earth

A

Consist of nonliving earth from the center to its surface, like the continents and seafloor.

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3
Q

Earths Systems: Atmosphere

A

Consist of the gaseous layer surrounding earth.

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4
Q

Earths Systems: Hydrosphere

A

Consists of all water on earth. Oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, ice in glacier and ice caps.

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5
Q

Earths system: Biosphere

A

Consist of all living organisms and their dead remains.

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6
Q

Earths Systems: Cryospshere

A

Glaciers and ice caps are sometimes put into this category.

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7
Q

greenhouse gases

A

Burning fossils fuels realizes greenhouse gasses, especially Carbon dioxide. greenhouse gasses traps solar radiation into the atmosphere.

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8
Q

Open System

A

Exchanges matter and energy with its surrounding environment.

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9
Q

Closed System

A

A closed system exchanges
energy (by temperature
changes) with its
surroundings.

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10
Q

Isolated system

A

An isolated system does
not exchange matter

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11
Q

Atmosphere

A

Gaseous; unevenly heated by the sun leading to
convection cells ( Modified by the Coriolis effect)

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12
Q

What are some Greenhouse gases

A

(carbon dioxide, methane and
water vapor

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13
Q

What’s the element most used on earth

A

Nitrogen.

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14
Q

Positive feedback

A

Promotes an effect

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15
Q

Negative feedback

A

Counters an effect

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16
Q

Principle of Superposition

A

states that:
younger rocks are laid down on top of older rocks.

17
Q

Relative ages

A

meaning that something is older or younger then something else.

18
Q

Principal of Crosscutting Relationships

A

a principle of geology that states that the geologic feature which cuts another is the younger of the two features

19
Q

Principle of Faunal
Succession

A

s based on fossils
as evidence for ancient life,
It states that different groups of
fossils follow each other in a
characteristic sequence

20
Q

Principle of Uniformitarianism

A

states that
processes we observe today have always operated; it
underlies all scientific inquiry.

21
Q

Uniformitarianism is often stated as:

A

the present is the key to the past