Chapter one

Question 1

What is geology ?

Answer 1

The science that studies the history of earth preserved by fossils.

Question 2

Earth system : Solid earth

Answer 2

Consist of nonliving earth from the center to its surface, like the continents and seafloor.

Question 3

Earths Systems: Atmosphere

Answer 3

Consist of the gaseous layer surrounding earth.

Question 4

Earths Systems: Hydrosphere

Answer 4

Consists of all water on earth. Oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, ice in glacier and ice caps.

Question 5

Earths system: Biosphere

Answer 5

Consist of all living organisms and their dead remains.

Question 6

Earths Systems: Cryospshere

Answer 6

Glaciers and ice caps are sometimes put into this category.

Question 7

greenhouse gases

Answer 7

Burning fossils fuels realizes greenhouse gasses, especially Carbon dioxide. greenhouse gasses traps solar radiation into the atmosphere.

Question 8

Open System

Answer 8

Exchanges matter and energy with its surrounding environment.

Question 9

Closed System

Answer 9

A closed system exchanges
energy (by temperature
changes) with its
surroundings.

Question 10

Isolated system

Answer 10

An isolated system does
not exchange matter

Question 11

Atmosphere

Answer 11

Gaseous; unevenly heated by the sun leading to
convection cells ( Modified by the Coriolis effect)

Question 12

What are some Greenhouse gases

Answer 12

(carbon dioxide, methane and
water vapor

Question 13

What’s the element most used on earth

Answer 13

Nitrogen.

Question 14

Positive feedback

Answer 14

Promotes an effect

Question 15

Negative feedback

Answer 15

Counters an effect

Question 16

Principle of Superposition

Answer 16

states that:
younger rocks are laid down on top of older rocks.

Question 17

Relative ages

Answer 17

meaning that something is older or younger then something else.

Question 18

Principal of Crosscutting Relationships

Answer 18

a principle of geology that states that the geologic feature which cuts another is the younger of the two features

Question 19

Principle of Faunal
Succession

Answer 19

s based on fossils
as evidence for ancient life,
It states that different groups of
fossils follow each other in a
characteristic sequence

Question 20

Principle of Uniformitarianism

Answer 20

states that
processes we observe today have always operated; it
underlies all scientific inquiry.

Question 21

Uniformitarianism is often stated as:

Answer 21

the present is the key to the past