Chapter Two

Question 1

Define “René Robert Cavalier, Sieur de La Salle.”

Answer 1

a 17th-century French explorer and fur trader in North America

Question 2

Define “Alonso de León.”

Answer 2

an explorer and governor who led several expeditions into the area that is now northeastern Mexico and southern Texas

Question 3

Define “Martín de Alarcón.”

Answer 3

the Governor of Coahuila and Spanish Texas from 1705 until 1708, and again from 1716 until 1719

Question 4

Define “Los Adaes.”

Answer 4

the capital of Tejas on the northeastern frontier of New Spain from 1729 to 1770

Question 5

Define “Taovayas.”

Answer 5

a tribe of the Wichita people originally from Kansas who moved south into Oklahoma and Texas in the 18th century

Question 6

Define “San Gabriel Missions.”

Answer 6

a Roman Catholic mission and historic landmark in San Gabriel, California

Question 7

Define “Norteños.”

Answer 7

a term used in reference to a group of Indian tribes in 18th-century Texas, popularized with the destruction of Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá in 1758

Question 8

Define “Antonio Gil Ibarvo.”

Answer 8

Spanish lieutenant governor and commander of the militia in Nacogdoches in the late 18th century

Question 9

Define “Nuestra Señora del Refugio.”

Answer 9

the last of the Spanish missions in Texas, founded on February 4, 1793

Question 10

Define “Philip Nolan.”

Answer 10

mustanger and filibuster

Question 11

Define “John Sibley.”

Answer 11

physician and member of the Long Expedition whose correspondence to various figures in the United States helped to shape the image of Texas there

Question 12

Define “Neutral Ground Agreement.”

Answer 12

agreement declaring the disputed territory between Louisiana and Texas neutral ground

Question 13

Define “Joaquín de Arredondo.”

Answer 13

Spanish military commandant instrumental in suppressing Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla’s revolt in Mexico

Question 14

Define “Duwali.”

Answer 14

the principal chief of the Cherokees in Texas

Question 15

Define “Adams-Onís Treaty.”

Answer 15

treat signed on February 22, 1819, by John Quincy Adams for the United States and by Luis de Onís for Spain, renouncing the United States claim to Texas

Question 16

Which bay did La Salle and the French land on the Texas coast?

Answer 16

Matagorda Bay

Question 17

Which tribe of Indians did the Franciscan missions in San Antonio serve?

Answer 17

Coahuiltecans

Question 18

Which settlement did Louis Juchereau de St. Denis found in Louisiana?

Answer 18

Natchitoches

Question 19

Which Indian groups did the Norteños consist of?

Answer 19

Caddos, Comanches, and Wichitas

Question 20

Which rivers did Franciscans establish missions on?

Answer 20

Brazos, Neches, and San Saba

Question 21

The Regulation of 1772 was issued following the inspection tour of which Spaniard?

Answer 21

Marqués de Rubí

Question 22

Mission Nuestra Señora del Refugio was established for which Indian group?

Answer 22

Karankawas

Question 23

The first cattle drives originating in Texas headed to which province?

Answer 23

Louisiana

Question 24

The Freeman-Custis expedition explored which Texas river?

Answer 24

Red River

Question 25

Which Indian tribe migrated to Texas from the United States in the 1800s?

Answer 25

Cherokees

Question 26

T/F: the Hasinai/Tejas Indians responded favorably to the Spanish Franciscans’ missionary efforts.

Answer 26

false: the Nabedache caddí informed the friars that his people would kill them if they did not leave immediately

Question 27

T/F: Martin de Alarcón established the settlement of San Antonio in 1718.

Answer 27

true: on May 1, 1718, he assisted Father Antonio San Buenaventura y Olivares in the founding of San Antonio de Valero mission

Question 28

T/F: the Isleños who settled at San Antonio originally came from the Cape Verde islands.

Answer 28

false: they were from the Canary Islands

Question 29

T/F: the Norteños were trading partners and military allies of the French in Louisiana.

Answer 29

true: French traders formed an alliance along the Red River with the Caddos, Wichitas, and Comanches, who the Spanish grouped together as the Norteños

Question 30

T/F: the Regulation of 1772 called for the Franciscans to reinforce the East Texas missions.

Answer 30

false: the Regulation of 1772 called for the abandonment of all missions and presidios in Texas, except those at San Antonio and La Bahía

Question 31

T/F: Spanish women in Texas were not allowed to keep their property when they married.

Answer 31

false: unmarried women who owned property maintained title to that property even after marriage

Question 32

T/F: the Neutral Ground agreement was established in 1806 between Spain and France.

Answer 32

false: it declared the disputed territory between Louisiana and Texas to be neutral ground

Question 33

T/F: Joaquín de Arredondo led the Republican Army of the North into Texas in 1812.

Answer 33

false: Arredondo suppressed Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla’s revolt and criollo-related revolts in Mexico in 1812 and 1813

Question 34

T/F: the Alabama and Coushatta Indians established villages in the Big Thicket in the early 1800s.

Answer 34

true: three groups of American Indians are historically associated with the early history of the thicket: the Atakapas, the Caddos, and the Alabama and Coushattas

Question 35

T/F: James Long fought to defend the Louisiana-Texas border established by the Adams-Onís Treaty.

Answer 35

false: Long was the leader of the Long Expedition, a filibustering expedition to conquer Texas in reaction against the Adams-Onís Treaty

Question 36

Who joined Louis Jolliet in an expedition to ascertain whether the Mississippi flowed into the Gulf of Mexico?

Answer 36

Jacques Marquette

Question 37

Who was Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac?

Answer 37

French governor of Louisiana between 1710 and 1716

Question 38

Who was the San Antonio mission built for?

Answer 38

the Coahuiltecans

Question 39

What is the Mission San Antonio de Valero known as today?

Answer 39

the Alamo

Question 40

Which Native American groups signed the Treaty of 1785?

Answer 40

Comanche and Wichita

Question 41

Who was Nuestra Señora del Rosario built for?

Answer 41

the Karankawas

Question 42

Who was Antonio Gil Ibarvo?

Answer 42

Spanish lieutenant governor and commander of the militia in Nacogdoches

Question 43

Who was Athanase de Mézières?

Answer 43

soldier assigned to the French outpost at Natchitoches

Question 44

Who was Simón de Herrera?

Answer 44

Spanish military commander who entered into the Neutral Ground Agreement on November 5, 1806

Question 45

Who was Duwali?

Answer 45

Cherokee chief