Chapter Two Flashcards
What are the 4 factors that influence individual behaviour and performance?
(MARS MODEL) Employee Motivation, Ability, Role Perceptions, Situational Factors
Define employee motivation
the forces within a person that affect his or her direction, intensity and persistence of voluntary behaviour
Define Ability
includes with natural aptitudes and learned capabilities required to successfully complete a task
Define Aptitudes
The natural talents that help employees learn more quickly and perform better
Role Perceptions
how clearly people understand the job duties assigned to or expected of them
Situational factors
individual behavioural and performance depend on the situation, which is any context beyond the employees immediate control
What are the 5 steps of individual behaviour
1.Task Performance 2.Organizational Citizenship 3.Counterproductive work behaviours 4.Joining and staying with the organization 5.Maintaining work attendance
What are the “Big Five” personality dimensions?
1.Conscientiousness 2.Agreeableness 3. Neuroticism 4. Openness to experience 5. Extraversion
Define Personality
the relatively enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions and behaviours that characterize a person
Nature vs Nuture
Nature: refers to genetics/ hereditary traits Nurture: refers to learned behaviours from socialization
Define Values
Stable, evaluative beliefs that guide our preferences for outcomes or courses of action in a variety of situations
What is Schwartz’s Model
organizes 57 values in a circumflex of 10 dimensions and 2 Bipolar dimensions
What are 3 ways values influence behaviour
- Shaping the attractiveness of choices 2.framing perceptions of reality 3.aligning behaviour with self concept and self presentation
Define Values congruence
refers to how similar a persons values hierarchy is to the values hierarchy of another source
What are the 3 ethical principles
Utilitarianism, Individual Rights, Distributive Justice
What are 5 values commonly studied across cultures
1.Individualism 2.Collectivism 3.Power Distance 4.Uncertainty Avoidance 5.Achievement-Nurturing orientation
Define Individualism
the idea that the rights, beliefs and responsibilities of each person should be more prominent than the rights, beliefs and responsibilities of a group
Define Collectivism
Collectivism is a peoples’ tendency to think of themselves as parts of different collectives and subordinate their behavior to norms, duties, and obligations imposed by these collectives.
Define Power Distance
the extent in which people accept unequal distribution of power in society. (Malaysia=High PD, Canada=Low PD)
Define Uncertainty Avoidance
Uncertainty avoidance refers to the degree to which people feel threatened by ambiguous, risky, or unstructured situations. Cultures high in uncertainty avoidance prefer predictable situations and have low tolerance for ambiguity
Define Achievement-Nurturing orientation
Achievement oriented people desire reasonable challenges, personal responsibility, feedback and recognition. Nurturing orientation emphasizes relationships, and concern for the well being of others. These people focus on human interaction and caring rather that competition and personal success.
