Chapter Two Flashcards
Foundation
The portion of a building that transmits structural loads from the building into the earth.
Dead load
Permanent loads on a building, including the weight of the building itself and any permanently attached equipment.
Live load
Nonpermanent loads on a building caused by the weights of people, furnishings, machines, vehicles, and goods in or on the building.
Seismic load
A force on a structure caused by movement of the earth relative to the structure during an earthquake.
Shear resistence
The strength of a material or component against the type of yield or structural failure where the material or component fails in shear.
Water table
The level at which the pressure of water in the soil is equal to the atmospheric pressure; effectively, the level to which groundwater will fill an excavation; a wood molding or shaped brick used to make a transition between a thicker foundation and the wall above.
Frost line
The depth in the earth to which the soil can be expected to freeze during a severe winter.
Bracing
Diagonal members, either temporary or permanent, installed to stabilize a structure against lateral loads.
Tieback
A tie, one end of which is anchored in the ground, with the other end used to support sheeting around an excavation.
Deep foundation
A building foundation that extends through upper strata of incompetent soil to reach deeper strata with greater bearing capacity.
Slab on grade
A concrete surface lying upon, and supported directly by, the ground beneath.
Crawlspace
A space that is not tall enough to stand in, located beneath the bottom of a building.
Basement
The floor of a building partly or entirely below ground level.
