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Bio Test 1 > Chapter Two > Flashcards

Chapter Two Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What four things occurs in prophase?

A
  1. Chromosomes become chromatin
  2. Nuclear membrane distinguishes
  3. Centrioles double and move
  4. Development of spindle
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2
Q

What happens in metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up in the equator of the cell.

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3
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

Tear centromeres apart, to Opposite poles.

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4
Q

What happens in telophase?

A

It is the reverse of prophase
1spindle breaks down
2 nuclomembrane reforms
3. Chromosomes go back to chromatin

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5
Q

What is the characteristics of sexual reproduction?

A

Sex is for variations.
A COMBO of mom and dad
Sperm and egg

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6
Q

What is the phases in mitosis?

A 
Interphase( g1 s g2)
Prophase 
Metaphase
Anaphase 
Telophase
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7
Q

Where is the only place meiosis occurs?

A

Gametes

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8
Q

What is the first place variation comes from crossing over?

A

Prophase one

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9
Q

What is the second place variation comes from crossing over?

A

Metaphase one

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10
Q

What is the purpose for meiosis one?

A

Produce haploid cells

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11
Q

What happens in prophase one.

A

Each pair of chromosomes pair up and lay next to each other about to cross over but only piece ps of each end get swapped back and forth.

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12
Q

What happens in metaphase one?

A

Start to line up in the middle still shuffling chromosomes.

Shuffles chromosomes and DNA.

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13
Q

What is the third place of variations?

A

You choose the partners.

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14
Q

What happens in meiosis one

A

It splits pairs

Two chromosomes but doubles DNA

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15
Q

What happens in meiosis two?

A

Line up tear apart and move apart with haploid

But with normal DNA

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16
Q

What was the first theory of genetics?

A

Pre formed

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17
Q

What did the first theory of genetics mean?

A

Believed humans were pre formed

Little humans in sperm.

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18
Q

What was the second theory of genetics?

A

Blending.

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19
Q

What does the second theory of genetics mean?

A

Cross two things becomes characteristics in between.
Tall + short = medium
But if this would keep happening there would be no variations.

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20
Q

What is the third theory of genetics?

A

Gregory medal’s

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21
Q

What was Mendels first law of genetics?

A

Segregation.

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22
Q

What does segregation mean?

A

All organisms have two factors for each trait that separate during meiosis and come back together as fertilization.

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23
Q

What is genotypic ratio?

A

The letters,
tt TT Tt
1:2:1
25% 50% 25%

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24
Q

What is phenotypic ratio?

A

Physical
Tall or short
3:1
75% 25%

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25
Q

What was medels second law?

A

Independent Assortment

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26
Q

What is independent assortment?

A

Alleles for one trait don’t effect the sorting of allels for another trait during meiosis.

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27
Q

What is an Incomplete cross?

A

NOT BLENDING
25% red
25% white
50% pink

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28
Q

What is an example of Codominance cross?

A

Blood type.

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29
Q

What chromosomes are sex chromosomes?

A

The last two chromosomes

30
Q

What letters determine males?

A

XY

31
Q

What letters determine Female.

A

XX

32
Q

What’s the difference between meiosis one and meiosis two?

A

Meiosis one separates pairs

Meiosis two separates arms

33
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

DNA together

34
Q

What are chromatin?

A

DNA relaxed

35
Q

What are chromatid?

A

Different size of chromosomes

Half of a double

36
Q

What is cry of the cat?

A

Short number five chromosome

37
Q

What happens in G1?

A

Double organelles

38
Q

What happens in G2 phase?

A

Make protein material to divide.

39
Q

What happens in nondisjunction?

A

Pair of chromosomes don’t separate in meiosis one.

40
Q

What are bar bodies?

A

The second X falls off.

41
Q

Cross BBSS X BbSs

A

Foil

42
Q

What is the genotype for Red?

A

RR

43
Q

What is the genotypic for pink?

A

Rr

44
Q

What is the genotype for white?

A

rr

45
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

two big letters

BB

46
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

One big letter one little letter

Bb

47
Q

What is blood type A Dominant over?

A

I

48
Q

What is blood type B Dominant over?

A

I

49
Q

What Is AB.

A

Codomance

50
Q

What are other forms of blood type A

A

AA Ai

51
Q

What are other forms of blood type B?

A

BB Bi

52
Q

What are other forms of AB

A

There are none it’s just AB

53
Q

What are other forms of O

A

ii

54
Q

What is an example of a sex linked trait?

A

Color blindness

55
Q

Is males or females more susceptible to color blindness?

A

Males

56
Q

Can people be color blind and carrier?

A

No has to be one or the other

57
Q

What is mutation?

A

Any change in DNA

58
Q

What are the levels of mutation?

A

Insertion
Deletion
Substitution

59
Q

What is substitution?

A

CAT CAT CAT
CGT CAT CAT

tiny change causes sickle cell disease.

60
Q

What is deletion?

A

CAT ATC ATC

causes frame shift and changes every

61
Q

What are some symptoms of cry of the cat?

A

Bite fingers off
Strip down
Very violent

62
Q

What happens when whole chromosomes are missing?

A

Down syndrome

63
Q

What happens when there is a third extra 21 chromosomes?

A

Downs

64
Q

What is non disjunction?

A

When both XX’s travel together making the genotype XXXX

65
Q

What is the genotype in women for klinefelters?

A

XXY femalish male

66
Q

What is the genotype in women for turners

A

XO

67
Q

What happens when the chromosomes in women are XO

A

It’s a spontaneous abortions

Dead

68
Q

What is the genotype for the sperm when having klinefelters?

A

XXY

69
Q

What is the genotype for the sperm when having turners?

A

XO

70
Q

What is the genotype for the sperm when having super woman?

A

XXX

71
Q

What is the genotype for the sperm when having Jacobs syndrome?

A

XYY

72
Q

What are examples of sets of chromosomes?

A

It’s ok in plants not animals
Example seedless watermelon
But doesn’t effect growth

Bio Test 1 (7 decks)

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