Chapter Two Flashcards
What are the three classes of lever systems in the human body
First class
Second class
Third class
Describe a first class lever system and give an example
Fulcrum positioned in the middle
Effort arm pushing down on the left
Load pushing down on the right
Example:
Throw in - football
Describe a second class lever system and give an example
Fulcrum on the right
Effort on left pushing up
Load in the middle pushing down
Example:
Calf raise
Describe a third class ever system and give an example
Fulcrum on the right
Effort arm in the middle pushing upwards
Load on the left pushing down
Example:
Bicep curl
What is mechanical advantage and the equation for it
Refers to the efficiency of a lever
Effort arm / weight arm
What are the three planes of movement
Frontal
Sagittal
Transverse
What are the three axis
Longitudinal
Transverse
Sagittal
Describe a frontal plane with movement example
Splits body front and back
Example:
Cartwheel
Sidestepping
Describe transverse plane and give movement example
Splits body top and bottom
Example:
Twist in discus throw
Spinning in skating
Describe a Sagittal plane and give example of movement
Splits body left and right
Example:
Walking
Running
Give the three pairs of axis and planes
Longitudinal (axis) and transverse (plane)
Sagittal (axis) and frontal (plane)
Transverse (axis) and Sagittal (plane)
Define isotonic contraction
Type of muscle contraction where the muscle changes length causing movement
Two types of isotonic contraction and example
Eccentric - muscle lengthens while contracting e.g lowering weight in bicep curl
Concentric - muscle shortens while contracting e.g lifting weight in bicep curl
Define isometric contraction and give an example
When a muscle contracts without changing length meaning no movement at the joint
E.g plank or wall sit
