Chapter Two Flashcards
Pesticide Formulations, Dry Formulations, Wet Formulations, Adjuvants, Pesticide Mixtures, Timing of Application, Pesticide Residues and Tolerances, How Pesticides Work, Avoiding Problems
pesticide
any chemical used to destroy, prevent, or control any form of life declared as a pest
What are the two things pesticides are made of?
active and inert ingedients
active ingredient
the chemical that is effective against the pest
inert ingredient
does not directly effect pest;
will make the active ingredient more effective
True or false: formulations are always ready to use “as is”
False! Some formulations may require dilution with water or another carrier (such as oil or liquid fertilizer)
If a DRY FORMULATION says 60WDG, what does that mean?
Hint: What percentage is there of the active ingredient? Is it a water-dispersible granule? How many pounds of active ingredient is in it?
60% active ingredient water dispersible granule; 0.6 pounds AI (active ingredient)
If a WET FORMULATION says 4EC, what does that mean?
Hint: Is it an emulsifiable concentrate? How many pounds of active ingredient per gallon is in it?
It is an emulsifiable concentrate with 4 pounds per gallon of active ingredient in it
What should you consider before purchasing products or formulations?
Differences in label instructions, effectiveness against the pest, habits of the pest, plant, animal, or surface to be protected, application equipment required, danger of drift and runoff, and potential for injury to desirable plants
soluble powders (SP)
They are mixed with water and dissolve readily to form a true solution. Agitation is required in the spray tank initially, but is not necessary after the powder is in the solution. It dissolves completely but is an inhalation hazard initially
wettable powders (WP/W)
They are finely ground, dust-like formulations that mix with water to form a suspension. They require strong agitation in the spray tank and are abrasive to pumps and nozzles. They are also an inhalation hazard
dry flowables, water-dispersible granules (DR, WDG)
They are similar to wettable powders, but the active ingredient is formulated into a microgranule instead of a powder). When agitated, the granules break apart, making a suspension that requires constant agitation. Safer than wettable powders to pour, because there is less clumping and dust. Abrasive to sprayer components and will leave a residue on treated surfaces
granules (G)
They are manufactured by applying an active ingredient to coarse particles, such as clay, newspaper pellets, ground walnut shells, or ground corn cobs. Applied directly without mixing with water or other carriers. May present less hazards because there is no spray and little dust. Drift potential is low, but it is difficult to disperse uniformly. Moisture may be needed to make effective
pellets (P,S)
They are larger than granules and are usually more uniform in shape. Sometimes the terms pellets and granules are used interchangeably (incorrect)
