Chapter Three Terms: Protein Structure and Function

Question 1

Amino group

Answer 1

a group that has a single nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens

Question 2

carboxyl group

Answer 2

a combo of two functional groups attached to a single carbon atom (like hydroxyl and carbonyl)

Question 3

R group

Answer 3

a side chain attached to the alpha carbon of all amino acids. it decides the chemical versality of the amino acid, some carry a charge, creating a polar molecule some hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Question 4

peptite bond

Answer 4

formed between the alpha nitrogen atom of one amino acid and the carbonyl carbon of a second (releases water)

Question 5

peptite bond backbone

Answer 5

alpha carbons from each amino acid alternate with the peptide to form the backbone of the peptide

Question 6

polypeptide

Answer 6

short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 7

protein folding

Answer 7

polypeptide chain folds to become a biologically active protein in its native 3D structure

Question 8

catalysis

Answer 8

process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction using a catalyst