Chapter Three - Selection, Biodiversity, and Biosphere

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

The richness of living systems share reflected in genetic variability within and among species, the number of species living on earth, and the variety of communities and ecosystems.

Question 2

Biosphere

Answer 2

All regions of Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere that sustain life. cells > multicellular organism > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere

Question 3

Autotroph
Auto = self
Troph - nourishment

Answer 3

An organism that produces its own food using CO2 and other simple inorganic compounds from its environment and energy from the sun or from oxidation of inorganic substances.

Question 4

Heterotroph

Answer 4

An organism that acquires energy and nutrients by eating other organisms or their remains.

Question 5

Chemotroph
Chemo = chemical
Troph = nourishment

Answer 5

An organism that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic or organic substances.

Question 6

Phototroph

Answer 6

An organism that obtains energy from light.

Question 7

Selection

Answer 7

Occurs when some force or phenomenon affects the survival or individual organisms.

Question 8

Evolution

Answer 8

Gradual change in the characteristics of a population of organisms over time, can be the result of selection.

Question 9

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

Answer 9

• Vary in heritable traits
• Potential to create more offspring than environment can support
• Traits that lead to advantage
• Pass on favourable traits

Question 10

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 10

A cluster of closely related species that are each adaptively specialized to a specific habitat or food source.

Question 11

Solar Radiation

Answer 11

Energy from the sun.

Question 12

Climate

Answer 12

The weather conditions prevailing over an extended period of time. Vary on global, regional, and local scales and undergo seasonal changes.

Question 13

Seasonality

Answer 13

Weather through the year.

Question 14

Air Circulation

Answer 14

Wind Patterns.

Question 15

Coriolis Effect

Answer 15

Latitudinal variation in the speed of earth’s rotation deflects the movement of the rising and sinking masses from a strictly north-south path into belts of Easterly and Westerly winds.

Question 16

Adiabatic Cooling

Answer 16

A decrease in temperature without the actual loss of heat energy, occurring in air masses that expand as they rise in the atmosphere.

Question 17

Continental Climate

Answer 17

Climate not moderated by the distant ocean.

Question 18

Maritime Climate

Answer 18

Climate tempered by ocean winds.

Question 19

Monsoon

Answer 19

Substantial precipitation. (Torrential)

Question 20

Microclimate

Answer 20

The abiotic conditions immediately surrounding an organism.

Question 21

Parasitism

Answer 21

Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another.

Question 22

Mutualism

Answer 22

Symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit.

Question 23

Producers

Answer 23

Organisms that produce most of their own nutritional needs.

Question 24

Consumers

Answer 24

An organism that consumes other organisms in a community or ecosystem.

Question 25

Decomposers

Answer 25

A small organism, such as a bacterium or fungus, that feeds on the remains of dead organisms, breaking down, complex biological molecules or structures into simpler raw materials.

Question 26

Mycoheterotrophic

Answer 26

Obtains energy and nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi associated with the roots of neighboring green plants.

Question 27

Omnivores

Answer 27

An animal that feeds at several trophic levels, consuming plants, animals, and other sources of organic matter.

Question 28

Herbivore

Answer 28

An animal that obtains energy and nutrients primarily by eating plants.

Question 29

Parasites

Answer 29

An organism that feeds on the tissues of or otherwise exploits its host.

Question 30

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

Answer 30

Relies on oxidation of water. (removing electrons from water)

Question 31

Phosphorlylation

Answer 31

The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule.

Question 32

CO1 sequence

Answer 32

mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene