Chapter Three Health

Question 1

Psychological Health

Answer 1

Mental health, defined as the extent to which we are able to function optimally in
the face of challenges, whether we have a mental illness or not

Question 2

Self-actualization

Answer 2

The highest level of growth in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 3

Self-concept

Answer 3

The ideas, feelings, and perceptions a person has about himself or herself; also called self-image.

Question 4

Self-esteem

Answer 4

Satisfaction and confidence in yourself; the valuing of yourself as a person.

Question 5

Autonomy

Answer 5

Independence; the sense of being self-directed.

Question 6

Positive Psychology

Answer 6

The ability to define positive goals and
to identify concrete, measurable ways of achieving them.

Question 7

Emotion

Answer 7

A feeling state involving some combination of thoughts, physiological changes, and an outward expression or behavior.

Question 8

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 8

The capacity to identify and manage your own emotions and, where possible, the emotions of others.

Question 9

Cognitive Distortion

Answer 9

A pattern of negative thinking that makes events seem worse than they are.

Question 10

Self-talk

Answer 10

The statements a person makes to himself or herself.

Question 11

Defense Mechanism

Answer 11

A mental mechanism for coping with conflict or anxiety.

Question 12

Pessimism

Answer 12

The tendency to expect an unfavorable outcome.

Question 13

Optimism

Answer 13

The tendency to expect a favorable outcome.

Question 14

Assertiveness

Answer 14

Expression that is forceful but not hostile.

Question 15

Anxiety

Answer 15

Fear that is not a response to any definite threat.

Question 16

Specific Phobia

Answer 16

A persistent and excessive fear of a specific object, activity, or situation.

Question 17

Social Phobia

Answer 17

An excessive fear of being observed by others; speaking in public is the most common example.

Question 18

Panic Disorder

Answer 18

A syndrome of severe anxiety attacks accompanied by physical symptoms.

Question 19

Agoraphobia

Answer 19

An anxiety disorder characterized by fear of being alone away from help and by avoidance of many different places and situations; in extreme cases, a fear of leaving home.

Question 20

Panic Attack

Answer 20

A brief surge of overwhelming anxiety that usually resolves in an hour or less.

Question 21

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Answer 21

An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry about all kinds of things and anxiety in many situations.

Question 22

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Answer 22

An anxiety disorder characterized by uncontrollable, recurring thoughts and the performing of senseless rituals.

Question 23

Obsession

Answer 23

A recurrent, irrational, unwanted thought or impulse.

Question 24

Compulsion

Answer 24

An irrational, repetitive, forced action, usually
associated with an obsession.

Question 25

Values

Answer 25

Criteria for judging what is good and bad, which underlie an individual’s moral decisions and
behavior.

Question 26

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 26

An anxiety disorder characterized by reliving traumatic events through dreams, flashbacks, and hallucinations.

Question 27

Acute Stress Disorder

Answer 27

An anxiety disorder that resolves in a month or less.

Question 28

Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 28

A disorder characterized by persistent, pervasive problems with inattention and/or hyperactivity to a degree that is not considered appropriate for a child’s developmental stage and that causes significant difficulties in school, work, or relationships.

Question 29

Mood Disorder

Answer 29

An emotional disturbance that is intense and persistent enough to affect normal function; two common mood disorders are depression and bipolar disorder.

Question 30

Depression

Answer 30

A mood disorder characterized by loss of interest, sadness, hopelessness, loss of appetite, disturbed sleep, and other physical symptoms.

Question 31

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Answer 31

The use of electric shock to induce brief, generalized seizures; used in the treatment of selected psychological disorders.

Question 32

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Answer 32

A mood disorder characterized by seasonal depression, usually occurring in winter, when there is less daylight.

Question 33

Mania

Answer 33

A mood disorder characterized by excessive elation, irritability, talkativeness, inflated self-esteem, and expansiveness.

Question 34

Biopolar Disorder

Answer 34

A mental illness characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania.

Question 35

Schizophrenia

Answer 35

A psychological disorder that involves a disturbance in thinking and in perceiving reality.

Question 36

Stimulus

Answer 36

Anything that causes a response.

Question 37

Response

Answer 37

A reaction to a stimulus.

Question 38

Reinforcement

Answer 38

Increasing the future probability of a response by following it with a reward.

Question 39

Exposure

Answer 39

A therapeutic technique for treating fear; the subject learns to come into direct contact with a feared situation.

Question 40

Mindfulness

Answer 40

The intentional cultivation of attention in a way that is nonjudging and nonstriving.