Chapter Three Health Flashcards
Psychological Health
Mental health, defined as the extent to which we are able to function optimally in
the face of challenges, whether we have a mental illness or not
Self-actualization
The highest level of growth in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Self-concept
The ideas, feelings, and perceptions a person has about himself or herself; also called self-image.
Self-esteem
Satisfaction and confidence in yourself; the valuing of yourself as a person.
Autonomy
Independence; the sense of being self-directed.
Positive Psychology
The ability to define positive goals and
to identify concrete, measurable ways of achieving them.
Emotion
A feeling state involving some combination of thoughts, physiological changes, and an outward expression or behavior.
Emotional Intelligence
The capacity to identify and manage your own emotions and, where possible, the emotions of others.
Cognitive Distortion
A pattern of negative thinking that makes events seem worse than they are.
Self-talk
The statements a person makes to himself or herself.
Defense Mechanism
A mental mechanism for coping with conflict or anxiety.
Pessimism
The tendency to expect an unfavorable outcome.
Optimism
The tendency to expect a favorable outcome.
Assertiveness
Expression that is forceful but not hostile.
Anxiety
Fear that is not a response to any definite threat.
Specific Phobia
A persistent and excessive fear of a specific object, activity, or situation.
Social Phobia
An excessive fear of being observed by others; speaking in public is the most common example.
Panic Disorder
A syndrome of severe anxiety attacks accompanied by physical symptoms.
Agoraphobia
An anxiety disorder characterized by fear of being alone away from help and by avoidance of many different places and situations; in extreme cases, a fear of leaving home.
Panic Attack
A brief surge of overwhelming anxiety that usually resolves in an hour or less.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry about all kinds of things and anxiety in many situations.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
An anxiety disorder characterized by uncontrollable, recurring thoughts and the performing of senseless rituals.
Obsession
A recurrent, irrational, unwanted thought or impulse.
Compulsion
An irrational, repetitive, forced action, usually
associated with an obsession.
Values
Criteria for judging what is good and bad, which underlie an individual’s moral decisions and
behavior.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
An anxiety disorder characterized by reliving traumatic events through dreams, flashbacks, and hallucinations.
Acute Stress Disorder
An anxiety disorder that resolves in a month or less.
Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A disorder characterized by persistent, pervasive problems with inattention and/or hyperactivity to a degree that is not considered appropriate for a child’s developmental stage and that causes significant difficulties in school, work, or relationships.
Mood Disorder
An emotional disturbance that is intense and persistent enough to affect normal function; two common mood disorders are depression and bipolar disorder.
Depression
A mood disorder characterized by loss of interest, sadness, hopelessness, loss of appetite, disturbed sleep, and other physical symptoms.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
The use of electric shock to induce brief, generalized seizures; used in the treatment of selected psychological disorders.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
A mood disorder characterized by seasonal depression, usually occurring in winter, when there is less daylight.
Mania
A mood disorder characterized by excessive elation, irritability, talkativeness, inflated self-esteem, and expansiveness.
Biopolar Disorder
A mental illness characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania.
Schizophrenia
A psychological disorder that involves a disturbance in thinking and in perceiving reality.
Stimulus
Anything that causes a response.
Response
A reaction to a stimulus.
Reinforcement
Increasing the future probability of a response by following it with a reward.
Exposure
A therapeutic technique for treating fear; the subject learns to come into direct contact with a feared situation.
Mindfulness
The intentional cultivation of attention in a way that is nonjudging and nonstriving.
