Chapter Ten Flashcards
Kente Cloth
A royal and sacred fabric associated with Ghana’s Akan people and characterized by geometric shapes, bright colors, and designs associated with proverbs, leaders, events, and plants
Power
The ability to take action in the face of resistance, through force if necessary
Authority
The ability to take action based on a person’s achieved or ascribed status or moral reputation
Influence
The ability to achieve a desired end by exerting social or moral pressure on someone or some group.
Political Organization
Groups within a culture that are responsible for public decision making and leadership, maintaining social cohesion and order, and protecting group rights, and ensuring safety from external threats.
Band
The form of political organization of foraging groups, with flexible membership and minimal leadership.
Tribe
A form of political organization that comprises several bands or lineage groups, each with a similar language and lifestyle and occupying a distinct territory.
Big-man/Big-woman System
A form of political organization midway between tribe and chiefdom and involving reliance on the leadership of key individuals who develop a political following through personal ties and redistributive feasts
Moka
A strategy for developing political leadership in Papa New Guinea that involves exchanging gifts and favors with individuals and sponsoring large feasts where furth gift-giving occurs
Chiefdom
A form of political organization in which permanently allied tribes and villages have one recognized leader who holds “office”
State
A form of political organization in which a centralized political unit encompasses many communities, a bureaucratic structure, and leaders who possess coercive power
Militarism
The dominance of the armed forces in adminstration of the state and society
Social Control
Processes that, though both informal and formal mechanisms, maintain orderly social life
Social Norm
A generally agreed-upon standard for how people should behave, usually unwritten and learned unconsciously.
Law
A binding rule created through enactment or custom that defines right and reasonable behavior and is enforcable by the threat of punishment
Policing
The exercise of social control through processes of surveillance and the threat of punishment related to maintain social order
Trial by Ordeal
A way of dertiming innocence or guilt in which the accused person is put to a test that may be painful, stressful, or fatal
Critical Legal Anthropology
An approach within the cross-cultural study of legal systems that examines the role of law and judicial processes in maintaining the dominance of powerful groups through discriminatory practices rather than protecting less powerful people
Social Justice
A concept of fairness based on social equality that seeks to ensure access to basic humand needs and oppurtunities for disadvantaged members of society
Secratarian Conflict
Conflict based on percieved differences between divisions or sects within a religion
War
Organized and purposeful group action directed against another group involving lethal force
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Business ethics that seek to generate profits for the corporation while avoiding harm to people and the environment.
Nation
A group of people who share a language, culture, territorial base, poltical organization, and history
