Chapter Four Flashcards
Livelihood
The activities people perform to meet their basic needs like food, water, shelter, and clothing.
A component of an economic system that makes goods or money
5 Modes of Livelihood
- Foraging (hunting, gathering)
- Horticulture
- Pastoralism
- Agriculture
- Industrialism
Division of Labor
How a society distributes various tasks depending on gender, age, and physical ability. Among foraging people, men and women forage; men hunt large game and fish.
Extensive Strategy
A form of livelihood involving temporary use of large areas of land, and a high degree of spacial mobility.
Use Rights
A system of property relations in which a person or group has socially recognized priority in access to particular resources such as gathering, hunting, and fishing areas and water holes.
Foraging Societies
Societies where people spend as few as five hours a week collecting food and making and repairing tools. They have much time for storytelling, playing games, and resting. Foragers also traditionally enjoyed good health.
Horticultural Societies
A mode of livelihood based on cultivating domesticated plants in gardens using hand tools.
Pastoralism
A mode of livelihood based on domesticated animal herds and the use of their products, such as meat and milk, for at least half of the diet.
Family Farming
A form of agriculture in which farmers produce mainly to support themselves but also to produce goods for sale in the market system.
Industrial Farming
intensive farming practices that utilize mechanization, chemical inputs, and large-scale production techniques to maximize crop yields and efficiency.
Industrial Capital Agriculture, a form of agriculture that is capital-intensive, substituting machinery and purchased inputs for human and animal labor
Intensive Strategy
A form of livelihood that involves continuous use of the same land and resources
Formal Sector of Industrialism Economy
Salaried or wage-based work registered in official statistics
Informal Sector of Industrialism Economy
Work that is outside the formal sector, not officially registered, and sometimes illegal
