chapter six

Question 1

genetics

Answer 1

the inheritance and expression of inherited traits

Question 2

syndrome

Answer 2

a distinctive association of signs and symptoms occurring together

Question 3

phenotype

Answer 3

the physical, biochemical, and physiologic traits of an individual

Question 4

genes

Answer 4

the hereditary units transmitted from one generation to another

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

collection of all genes

Question 6

what does a genome consists of

Answer 6

dna, nucleotide, genetic code, dna coiling

Question 7

what is a nucleotide formed by

Answer 7

nitrogen-containing base, five carbon sugar and phosphate

Question 8

chromosomes

Answer 8

small bodies in the nucleus of a cell that carry the chemical instructions for the reproduction of a cell

Question 9

four bases in dna

Answer 9

adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine

Question 10

four types of rna

Answer 10

messenger rna, transfer rna, ribosomal rna, heterogenous nuclear rna

Question 11

messenger rna

Answer 11

blueprint for coding of proteins

Question 12

transfer rna

Answer 12

transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm to the mrna

Question 13

ribosomal rna

Answer 13

combines iwth several polypeptides to form ribosomes

Question 14

herterogenous nuclear rna

Answer 14

precursor to mrna

Question 15

what causes trisomy 21

Answer 15

extra copy of chromosome 21

Question 16

what causes turner syndrome

Answer 16

one x chromosome only

Question 17

what causes klinefelter syndrome

Answer 17

xxy chromosome

Question 18

what causes cri du chat and wolf hirschhorn

Answer 18

deletion, cri du chat = 5 wolf hirschhorn = 4

Question 19

cyclic neutropenia

Answer 19

decrease in the number of neutrophils and occurs in cycles every 21 - 27 days lasting 2 - 3 days

Question 20

what are oral manifestations for cyclic neutropenia

Answer 20

severe ulcerative gingivitis and areas of ulceration on the tongue and surfaces of the oral mucosa

Question 21

what are the autosomal recessive syndromes

Answer 21

chronic neutropenia, papillon lefevre, hypophophatasia

Question 22

papillon lefevre syndrome

Answer 22

destruction of periodontal tissue and results in the loss of both teeth in both dentitions prematurely

Question 23

oral manifestations of papillon lefevre

Answer 23

periodontal inflammation, edema, bleeding, alveolar bone resorption and mobility

Question 24

what is ehler danlos caused by and what is it characterized by

Answer 24

defects in structure or processing of collagen and weak joints and skin hyperelasticity

Question 25

oral manifestations of ehler danlos

Answer 25

delicate mucosa and weakened gingival tissue resulting in bop

Question 26

gorlin sign

Answer 26

tip of tongue can touch the nose associated with ehlers danlos

Question 27

another name for gingival fibromatosis with multiple hyaline fibromas

Answer 27

murray puretic drescher

Question 28

what is cherubism characterized by

Answer 28

bilateral facial swelling has soap bubbles in radiograph

Question 29

ellis van creveld

Answer 29

supernumerary digits and fingers and toenails are hypoplastic and deformed

Question 30

oral manifestation of ellis van creveld

Answer 30

fusion of the anterior portion of the max gingiva to the upper lip

Question 31

cleidocranial dysplasia

Answer 31

cranium develops into a mushroom shape and can have third dentition

Question 32

another name for gardener syndrome

Answer 32

familial adenomatous polyposis

Question 33

gardner syndrome

Answer 33

presence of osteomas in various bones of the skull

Question 34

another name for mandibulofacial dysotosis

Answer 34

treacher collins

Question 35

oral manifestations of mandibulofacial dysotosis

Answer 35

hypoplastic mandible with flattened condyle and coronoid process

Question 36

another name for nevoid basal cell carcinoma

Answer 36

gorlin syndrome

Question 37

oral manifestations of nevoid basal cell carcinoma

Answer 37

multiple cysts of the jaw

Question 38

cause of osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 38

mutation of genes for collagen

Question 39

oral manifestation for osteogensis imperfecta

Answer 39

dentinogenesis imperfecta

Question 40

what is hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia characterized by

Answer 40

multiple capillary dilation of the skin

Question 41

what syndrome does the skin turn a color like coffee with milk

Answer 41

neurofibomatosis type one

Question 42

neurofibromatosis type ii

Answer 42

bilateral schwannomas of vestibular nerve

Question 43

four types of amelogenesis imperfecta

Answer 43

hypoplastic, hypocalcified, hypomaturation, hypoplastic-hypomaturation

Question 44

hypoplastic

Answer 44

enamel is not thick

Question 45

hypocalcified

Answer 45

enamel is thick but poorly calcified

Question 46

hypomaturation

Answer 46

enamel is mottled appearance

Question 47

hypoplastic - hypomaturation

Answer 47

yellow to brown color and pitted

Question 48

what is the most severe form of ectodermal dysplasia

Answer 48

hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia