Chapter Review Quiz Flashcards
Multiple listing services can be utilized for gathering _______________.
general data only
both general and specific data
specific data only
all data that is needed to produce a credible appraisal
both general and specific data
The basic principle underlying the cost approach is the principle of ____________.
substitution
increasing and decreasing returns
anticipation
none of the above
Substitution
You calculate the following gross rent multipliers for comparable properties: 121.2, 105.3, 111.2, 150.1, 108.3, 105.3, 109.8, 108.8. What is the mode of the GRMs?
105.3
109.3
109.8
There is no mode
105.3
“Details about the property being appraised, comparable sale and rental properties, and relevant local market characteristics” is the definition of
specialized data
specific data
general data
neighborhood data
specific data
All of the following could be sources of general data EXCEPT
utility companies
school districts
zoning ordinances
departments of transportation
Zoning Ordinances
A building was constructed in July 2000 for $754,200. The cost index at that time was 133.6. The current cost index is 201.8. What is the indicated cost new of the building today?
$1,013,861
$1,098,253
$1,107,835
$1,138,842
$1,138,842
new index divided by old index
201.8/133.6 = 1.510
754,200 x 1.15 = 1,138,842
You examine a construction contract to build a 2,448 square foot house and the total cost is $197,450. What was the cost per square foot? $78.42 $80.66 $84.55 $86.14
$80.66
197,450 / 2448
If a property is assessed at $134,000 and the rate per thousand is $9.55, how much are total property taxes?
$919.90
$1,186.20
$1,279.70
$1,610.55
$1,279.70
134,000 x 0.00955
An appraiser must not allow the intended use of an assignment or a client’s objectives to cause the assignment results to be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. reliable credible biased overvalued
biased
A one-and-a-half-story house is commonly known as a cape cod ranch split-level split-entry
cape-cod
“Data that relates to the four forces that affect real property values—social, economic, governmental, and environmental forces” is the definition of census data specialized data generic data general data
general data
If an appraiser uses a cost manual to estimate cost new for a property, the result is replacement cost reproduction cost depreciated cost a guesstimate
replacement cost
A single unit residence sold for $126,000. It was rented for $1,100 per month but the market rent was $1,200. What is the GRM indicated by this sale?
- 1
- 6
- 0
- 5
105.0
126,000 / 1200
The ground rent capitalization method should only be used when appraising a property that is
income-producing or suitable for income production
subject to a partial ownership interest
suitable for a single-family homesite
not suitable for construction of a new building
Income-producing or suitable for income production
The first step in the valuation process is
list the data needed
estimate land value
define the problem
determine the scope of work
define the problem
The most complex method of site valuation is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ method. allocation cost sales comparison subdivision development
subdivision development
Which of the stages in the life cycle of a market area does not always occur? growth stability decline revitalization
revitalization
The cost approach formula states that reproduction or replacement cost new \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ equals property value. plus depreciation, minus land value minus depreciation, plus indexed costs plus depreciation, plus site value minus depreciation, plus site value
minus depreciation, plus site value
A short-lived item is a building component with an ___________ life that is shorter than the ___________ life of the entire structure.
economic life, long-lived
expected remaining economic, remaining economic
useful, anticipated
anticipated, economic life
expected remaining economic, remaining economic
In a market value appraisal, every comparable sale should have been sold in an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ transaction, with no undue \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. arm’s wide, duress equalized, stress arm’s length, duress real-life, emotion
arm’s length, duress
An entrepreneur is taking on a development project, and by his calculations, he expects to receive a 25% return on his investment in the project. This 25% figure represents risk factor net operating income entrepreneurial incentive entrepreneurial risk
entrepreneurial incentive
Which was the earliest form of electrical wiring? aluminum Romex knob and tube BX
knob and tube
A property sold for $2,350,000. The net operating income was verified as $294,640. The capitalization rate indicated by sale is ____%.
- 4
- 5
- 9
- 2
12.5
Capitalization rate: 294,60 / 2,350,000
An estimate of remaining economic life is required by Fannie Mac Freddie Mac VA all of the above
VA
"An amount paid for the use of land, improvements or a capital good" is the definition of rent contract price sale price market rent
rent
“A method of estimating land value in which the depreciated cost of the improvements on an improved property is calculated and deducted from the total sale price to arrive at an estimated sale price for the land” is the definition of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ method of site valuation. allocation land residual subdivision development extraction
extraction
GRMs are derived by dividing the __________ by the property’s ___________ at the time of sale.
market rent, contract price
sale price, gross monthly unfurnished market rent
listing price, gross monthly market rent
sale price, gross annual unfurnished market rent
sale price, gross monthly unfurnished market rent
When measuring a condominium you should calculate \_\_\_\_ using \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ measurements. GLA, exterior GBA, interior GLA, interior GBA, exterior
GLA, Interior
“The estimated cost to construct, at current prices as of a specific date, a substitute for a building or other improvements, using modern materials and current standards, design, and layout” is the definition of\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cost. replication reproducible replacement reproduction
Replacement
J-bolts are used to anchor the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. joists, foundation sill plate, foundation joists, girders foundation, footings
sill plate, foundation
Parging is used on which kind of foundation wall? concrete block vinyl wood pier
concrete block
Construction materials and workers' wages are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_costs. direct indirect reproduction replacement
direct
An appraisal with an effective date at some point in the future is called a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ appraisal. retrospective speculative prospective effective
prospective
The Fannie Mae Single Family Comparable Rent Schedule is designated as Form 1004 1007 1020 1025
1007
EIFS is also known as
strawbale
Hardiplank
sandwich panels
synthetic stucco
synthetic stucco
Modular homes are constructed to meet \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ code requirements. HUD State and Local ANSI United Nations
state and local
Architectural and engineering fees are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ costs. total indirect hard direct
indirect
The "summation approach" is another name for the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ approach. market cost sales comparison income capitalization
cost
It is common in appraisal reports to include a map that shows the location of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. subject property only subject property and support facilities subject property and comparable sales subject property and local schools
subject property and comparable sales
Condemnation occurs when a municipality exercises eminent domain police power escheat aggregation
eminent domain
Under USPAP, when is an appraiser required to develop the cost approach in a real property appraisal?
whenever the client might find it helpful
when it is necessary for credible results
in all assignments
this approach is never required
when it is necessary for credible results
“Expenditures or allowances for items other than labor and materials that are necessary for construction, but are not typically part of the construction contract” is the definition of
direct costs
entrepreneurial incentive
indirect costs
entrepreneurial profit
indirect costs
The following statement is a definition for what? “Improved land or a lot in a finished state so that it is ready to be used for a specific purpose”.
Improved land
Leased land
Site improvements
Site
site
The method that estimates land value based on a percentage of the total property value is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ method. sales comparison allocation abstraction land residual
allocation
The most commonly used method for valuing sites is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ method. allocation cost sales comparison land residual
sales comaprison
“A condition, directly related to a specific assignment, which is contrary to what is known by the appraiser to exist on the effective date of the assignment results, but is used for the purpose of analysis” is the definition of hypothetical condition extraordinary assumption ordinary assumption contradiction
hypothetical condition
Building permits and worker's compensation are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_costs. direct indirect soft replacement
direct
Flood maps are prepared by FEMA HUD Fannie Mae NAHB
FEMA
Soil maps produced by the Natural Resources Conservation Service are based on percolation tests mining maps aerial maps flood maps
Aerial maps
Fannie Mae says the appraiser must base his or her analysis and any adjustments to comparable sales on
published tables of adjustments
standard formulas
personal opinions
market data
market data
“The amount by which contract rent exceeds market rent at the time of the appraisal....” is the definition of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ rent. excess deficit effective economic
excess
The most common heating systems in residential construction today are hot water heat pumps forced warm air electric radiant
forced warm air
Developers often value land on a basis of price per cubic yard front foot square foot buildable unit
buildable unit
Fannie Mae requires a single-unit residential appraisal report to include photographs of
the subject property only
the subject property and the comparable sales
the comparable sales only
the subject property and nearby schools and employment centers
the subject property and the comparable sales
Which would NOT be an appropriate legal description of a subject property?
postal address
metes and bounds description
rectangular survey description
lot and block description
postal adress
What are the three general types of depreciation?
physical, short-lived, and long-lived
curable, incurable and breakdown
physical, functional, and external
functional, curable, and incurable
physical, functional, and external
The identification of relevant characteristics is a judgment made by
the client
the intended user
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
the appraiser
the appraiser
When appraising a duplex, an appraiser should use __________ area.
buildable
gross building
gross living
net leasable
gross building
A property has a cost new of $350,000. It has an effective age of 20 years and a total expected economic life of 65 years. There are curable items totaling $45,000. If they are cured, it will reduce the effective age to 15 years. What is the value of the improvements on a modified age-life basis, before including the site value?
$104,537
$186,635
$227,024
$234,545
$234,545
350,000 - 45,000 = 305,000
15/65= 0.2307
(305,000 x 0.2307)= 70,455
305,000 - 70,455 = 234,545
Each written appraisal report must contain the date
of the report and the effective date of the appraisal
of the inspection only
of the report only
that the client requests
of the report and the effective date of the appraisal
“An element of comparison in the sales comparison approach; comparable properties can be adjusted for differences in the motivations of either the buyer or a seller in a transaction” is the definition of
market conditions
conditions of sale
financing
cash equivalency
conditions of sale
The subject is a 15 year old duplex that would cost $240,000 to build new today. It is in good condition and you estimate the effective age to be 10 years. Your estimate of total economic life is 50 years. Its land value is $60,000. What is its value by the cost approach?
252,000
10 ÷ 50 = .20 or 20% depreciation.
$240,000 X .20 = $48,000 depreciation.
$240,000 - $48,000 = $192,000.
$192,000 + $60,000 - $252,000
The cost estimating method most commonly used by residential appraisers is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ method. comparative-unit quantity survey unit-in-place index
comparative unit
Appraisers are cautioned to identify the exact \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of market value, and its \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, applicable in each appraisal completed for the purpose of market value. type, definition definition, authority type, scope definition, age
definition, authority
“The right held by the lessee to use and occupy real estate for a stated term and under the conditions specified in the lease” is the definition of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. leased fee interest leasehold interest fee simple partial interest
leasehold interest
In the age-life method of estimating depreciation, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ age is divided by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ life. actual age, total physical life effective age, remaining economic life effective age, total economic life actual age, remaining economic life
effective age, total economic life
The cost approach formula states that ______________, minus depreciation, _______________, equals property value.
cost new, minus land value
replacement cost, minus external obsolescence
depreciated cost, plus site value
cost new, plus site value
cost new, plus site value
Condos in your market area sold for a median price of $195,320 twelve months ago and the median price of condos for the current month is $219,540. What is the percentage of change in market conditions?
- 0%
- 2%
- 5%
- 4%
12.4%
$219,540 ÷ $195,320 = 1.124 or an increase of 12.4%.
Price per room is a common unit of comparison when appraising 2-4 unit residential properties vacant lots one unit residences retail stores
2-4 unit residential properties
Functional obsolescence could be caused by all of the following EXCEPT superadequacies layout problems deferred maintenance outmoded items
deferred maintenance
Market condition adjustments should always be calculated from the time of the ________ to the ___________.
closing, effective date of the appraisal
contract, effective date of the appraisal
closing, date of the appraisal report
contract, closing date
contract, effective date of the appraisal
A municipality assesses property at 100% of value. If a property is assessed at $186,000 and the rate per thousand is $6.45, how much are total property taxes?
$1,199.70
Assessments and Taxation. 186 (thousands) X $6.45 = $1,199.70.
A house cost $295,000 to build new. It is 5 years old and has sustained a total of 8% depreciation. It sits on a lot worth $45,000. What is its value by the cost approach?
$316,400
Cost Approach Formula.
$295,000 X .92 = $271,400.
$271,400 + $45,000 = $316,400.
OR
295,000 x .08 = 23,600
295,000 - 23,600 + 45,000 = 316,400
A house is rented for $1,050 per month, but lacks air conditioning. Comparable houses with air conditioning, rent for $1,100 per month. The appropriate gross rent multiplier is 75. By the capitalized value method, how much is the depreciation attributable to the lack of air conditioning?
$3,750
Capitalization of Income Loss.
$1,100 - $1,050 = $50 rent loss. $50 X 75 = $3,750.
An old gas station on a good corner location in a desirable older neighborhood recently sold for $375,000. The reproduction cost of the improvements today would be $350,000 and the total depreciation is estimated to be 80%. What is the land value?
$305,000
Extraction Method.
$350,000 X .2 = $70,000 (current building value).
$375,000 - $70,000 = $305,000 (land value).
What unit of measurement is typically used for single-family homes? gross lineal footage gross building area gross living area total leasable area
gross living area
You calculate the following gross rent multipliers for comparable properties: 121.2, 105.3, 111.2, 150.1, 108.3, 105.3, 109.8, 108.8. What is the range of the GRMs?
44.8
Which type of depreciation occurs off the site? curable short-lived physical external
external
Appraisal fees are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ costs. direct indirect unnecessary replacement
indirect
You examine a construction contract to build a 2,448 square foot house and the total cost is $197,450. What was the cost per square foot?
$80.66
The valuation process is a systematic procedure employed to provide the answer to a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ question about the value of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. appraiser’s, real property client’s, real property appraiser’s, property rights intended user’s, vacant land
client’s, real property
The results of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ test will determine if there is suitable drainage and the size of the drain field that will be required for a septic system. potability pH slope percolation
percolation
Materials that transfer energy quickly are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and those that transfer energy slowly are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. resistors, insulators conductors, insulators ventilators, resistors insulators, ventilators
conductors, insulators
An 8-unit apartment building has 5 units rented at $850 per month and 3 units rented at $925 per month. What is its gross income?
$84,300
5 x 850 x 12 = total 1
3 x 925 x 12 = total 2
total 1 + total 2 = answer
In what type of heating system would you find an expansion tank? active solar forced hot air hot water passive solar
hot water
What is another name for "indirect costs"? hard costs soft costs entrepreneurial incentive book value
soft costs
In the sales comparison approach, we always adjust the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_; we never adjust the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. subject property, comparable sales list prices, sale prices comparable sales, subject property days-on-market, sales concessions
comparable sales, subject property
When developing an appraisal, you calculate the following GRMs for comparable properties: 94.3, 90.1, 95.6, 109.2, 84.5, 100.7, 99.9. What is the range of the GRMs?
24.7
“The actual rental income specified in a lease” is the definition of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ rent. deficit contract market lease
contract
The SCOPE OF WORK RULE says that in each real property appraisal assignment, the appraiser must \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the problem to be solved, and determine and perform the scope of work necessary to develop \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ assignment results. identify, useful identify, credible describe, verifiable relate, credible
identify, credible
When appraising a duplex, an appraiser should use \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ area. buildable gross building gross living net leasable
gross building
A property contains 3.2 acres and is worth: A. $155,000 as single home site; B. $75,000 per unit as a site for a duplex; or C. $50,000 per acre as a retail site. All uses are physically possible, economically feasible and legally permitted. Which is the highest and best use? A, single home site B, duplex site C, retail site All are highest and best uses
c. retail site
A comparable sale of a new house just sold for $640,000. You estimate the value of the site at $120,000 and the cost of the site improvements at $18,000. It has 2,940 square feet of GLA. What is its unit cost?
$170.75
640,000 - 120,000 - 18,000 = 502,000
502,000 / 2,940 = 170.75
In the sales comparison approach, sales data on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ sales should be collected. one or two no more than two exactly three at least three
at least three
An appraiser encounters an underground storage tank and there are no signs of leakage or failure. An appraisal could be performed under the presumption that the tank is not leaking and the property is not contaminated. This would be an example of a(n)
hypothetical condition
retrospective appraisal
extraordinary assumption
contradiction
extraordinary assumption
A building was constructed in July 2000 for $654,200. The cost index at that time was 138.5. The current cost index is 221.8. What is the indicated reproduction cost of the building today?
$1,046,720
221.8 / 138.5 = 1.6
654,200 x 1.6 = 1,046,720
A building was constructed in July 2000 for $754,200. The cost index at that time was 133.6. The current cost index is 201.8. What is the indicated cost new of the building today?
$1,138,842
201.8 / 133.6 = 1.51
754,200 x 1.51 = 1,138,842
A property sold for $2,350,000. The net operating income was verified as $294,640. The capitalization rate indicated by sale is ____%.
12.5%
294,640 / 2,350,000
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ method has good application in valuing land in rural areas and in older, urban areas. extraction subdivision development land residual ground rent capitalization
extraction
If a property is assessed at $134,000 and the rate per thousand is $9.55, how much are total property taxes?
$1,279.70
134,000 x 0.00955
Early ductless heating systems were called geothermal systems heat pumps gravity systems active solar systems
gravity systems
Building permits and worker's compensation are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_costs. direct indirect soft replacement
direct
When developing an appraisal, you calculate the following GRMs for comparable properties: 94.3, 90.1, 95.6, 109.2, 84.5, 100.7, 99.9. What is the mean of the GRMs?
96.3
Two squares of 180-pound roof shingles would weigh _____ pounds.
360
180 x 2 = 360
The most complex method of site valuation is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ method. allocation cost sales comparison subdivision development
subdivision development
A house has a total cost new of $212,340. It is 12 years old and has an estimated remaining economic life of 38 years. The cost to cure deferred maintenance items is $670. Short lived items Cost is $20,000 and depreciation on the short lived items has been identified totaling $4,850. What is the amount of long-lived depreciation attributable to the building? $1,489 $23,691 $31,653 $46,000
$46,000
12 + 38 = 50 years total economic life. Determine Cost of Long-lived Items by subtracting deferred maintenance and short lived items Cost from total replacement cost: $212,340 - $670 - $20,000 = $191,670. Determine depreciation percentage by diving effective life by total economic life: 12 / (12 + 38 = 50) = 24%. Multiply the Cost of the Long-Lived Items by the depreciation percentage: $191,760 X 24% = $46,000.
If a comparable property sells with atypical financing, we may have to make an adjustment for ___________.
market conditions
depreciation
expenditures made immediately after purchase
financing terms
financing terms
A property has a cost new of $350,000. It has an effective age of 20 years and a total expected economic life of 65 years. There are curable items totaling $45,000. If they are cured, it will reduce the effective age to 15 years. What is the value of the improvements on a modified age-life basis, before including the site value?
$104,537
$186,635
$227,024
$234,545
$234,545
Modified Age-Life Method. $350,000 - $45,000 = $305,000.
15 ÷ 65 = .231 or 23.1%. $305,000 X .231 = $70,455. $305,000 - $70,455 = $234,545.
The most common unit of comparison for land in rural areas is price per \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. square foot front foot acre lot
acre
he intended user of an appraisal is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and any other user, as identified by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. lender, the client client, law lender, the appraiser client, name or type
client, name or type
“The process of valuing a universe of properties as of a given date using standard methodology, employing common data, and allowing for statistical testing” is the definition of assessment rolls statistical appraisal universal appraisal mass appraisal
mass appraisal
A property sold for $200,000. There was a $20,000 down payment and the rest was in the form of a 30-year mortgage at 6% interest. The seller paid 3 points at the closing. How much was that? $540 $3,000 $5,400 $6,000
$5,400
Points.
$200,000 - $20,000 = $180,000.
$180,000 X .03 = $5,400.
When describing roofing shingles, a “square” contains \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ square feet. 1 10 50 100
100
A property contains 2.4 acres and is worth: A. $155,000 as single home site B. $85,000 per unit as a site for a duplex and C. $60,000 per acre as a retail site. All uses are physically possible, economically feasible and legally permitted. Which is the highest and best use? A, single home site B, duplex site C, retail site All are highest and best uses
duplex site
Extensive research on current construction trends and figures is conducted by HUD U.S. Census Bureau NAHB local MLS systems
NAHB
Keyways are employed in which type of foundation walls? stone wood concrete block poured concrete
poured concrete
Which of the following would NOT be general data? mortgage rates unemployment rates subject property assessment property tax rates
subject property assessment
Which of the following would NOT be a common adjustment made in sales comparison when appraising land? size quality shape topography
quality
Which would NOT be a sub-step in defining the problem? definition of value effective date of value identification of the property rights highest and best use analysis
highest and best use
Today the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ technique of site valuation is used primarily in highest and best use analysis. investment land residual ground rent capitalization allocation
land residual
Segregated cost method is another name for the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ method. square foot quantity survey index unit-in-place
unit-in-place
The URAR form can be used to report the appraisal of which of the following property types?
one-unit property
one-unit with an accessory unit
unit in a PUD
all of the above
all of the above
Which site valuation methods should only be utilized when the subject property is income-producing by nature?
land residual and ground rent capitalization
land residual and subdivision development
ground rent capitalization and subdivision development
extraction and allocation
land residual and ground rent capitalization
“The total period a building lasts or is expected to last...” is the definition of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ life. useful expected real physical
physical
The credibility of assignment results is always measured in the context of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. intended use value needed for the client's purposes applicable state requirements highest and best use
intended use
A single unit residence sold for $126,000. It was rented for $1,100 per month but the market rent was $1,200. What is the GRM indicated by this sale?
- 1
- 6
- 0
- 5
105.0
126,000 / 1,200 = 105
“The anticipated income from all operations of the real estate after an allowance is made for vacancy and collection losses and an addition is made for any other income” is the definition of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ income. effective gross potential net net operating excess
effective gross
A management fee usually is based on a percentage of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ income. gross reserve net operating after-tax
gross
A dwelling has a reproduction cost of $625,000. It is 10 years old and has an effective age of 12. Its remaining economic life is estimated to be 48 years. What is the depreciated value of the improvements by the age-life method, before including the site value? $500,000 $520,833 $525,000 $533,333
$500,000
10/48 = .2
625,000 x .20 = 125,000
625,000 - 125,000
Footings need to be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ below average frost penetration levels. exactly 6 inches no more than 9 inches at least 12 inches at least 36 inches
at least 12 inches
Each of these is a variable expense EXCEPT payroll utilities maintenance taxes
taxes
Curbs, gutters and grading are examples of site site improvements personal property temporary improvements
site improvements
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ home has a permanent steel chassis, wheels and axles. panelized modular pre-cut manufactured
manufactured
Drilled wells need to use \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ until the drilling enters \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. perforated tile, the house casing, bedrock rotary drills, shale casing, sandstone
Casing, bedrock
The cost estimating method most commonly used by residential appraisers is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ method. comparative-unit quantity survey unit-in-place index
comparative unit
