Chapter 4 Flashcards
In the early _____, the first structures built by American colonists consisted of one room, with a dirt floor. By _____, there were a few houses being built with two rooms, side by side. By about ______, we saw the first two story houses being constructed, with two rooms on each floor.
1600’s; 1650; 1670
Around _____, we saw the first one-story homes emerging such as Frank Lloyd Wright’s “Prairie Style” homes. These were primarily one floor, but were large, architect-designed custom homes. Some had small upper stories.
1900
From the 1950s until today, we have seen five basic housing types - based on the number of stories. They are the
- Ranch - 1 story
- Cape Cod - 1-½ story
- Two-story
- Split level - multi levels
- Split entry (sometimes called a split foyer, bi-level, or raised ranch) - one story with finished basement (Note: Marshall & Swift refers to this type as a “two story bi-level”)
Style can be influenced by:
Colors Roof style Roofing materials Window types Building shape
In _____, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac created the ______________ (UAD) which is a set of standardized reporting requirements used in residential mortgage lending appraisal reports.
2011; uniform appraisal dataset
One of the UAD protocols is that the appraiser must identify the ____________style of the subject property and comparable sales.
architectural
Categories of commercial buildings
Class A - fireproofed steel frame Class B - reinforced concrete frame Class C - masonry or reinforced concrete Class D - wood or steel studs Class S - pre-engineered structural; members
A factory-built house manufactured under the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1976, commonly known as the HUD Code.
Manufactured Home
No manufactured home may leave the factory unless it complies with the ___ Code and is released for shipment by an independent third party inspector, certified by HUD.
HUD
A _____ plate (also sometimes called compliance certificate) is installed inside the home with the name of the manufacturer, list of factory installed equipment, and the roof load and insulation zones.
Data
A factory-built house built in compliance with a building code other than the HUD Code. This usually means that the home is constructed to the standards of the state or local building code used by the governmental unit where the house is to be located. Note that the California Factory-Built Housing Program uses the term factory-built housing (FBH) in place of the term modular home
Modular Home
Both types of homes are built by assembly techniques in factories and then transported to the site. Sometimes _______ homes are even constructed on the same assembly line as HUD code ______ homes.
modular; manufactured
The ______________ home is constructed on a permanent steel chassis and has wheels and axles. It is meant to be hauled down the highway and arrives 100% finished. The sections are joined together at the site and it is complete. Most significantly, it is built to meet the HUD Code.
manufactured
A ________ home is built in sections, called boxes, which are lifted onto a truck and transported to the site. The boxes are lifted off with a crane, or rolled off, onto the foundation. Then the boxes have to be joined and finishing work performed at the site. This home is built to meet state and local codes, not the HUD Code.
modular
Total area of finished, above-grade residential space; calculated by measuring the outside perimeter of the structure and includes only finished, habitable, above-grade living space
Gross Living Area
The most common comparison for one-unit properties is the above-grade _____ ________ ____
gross living area
A level is considered ______-grade if any portion of it is below-grade - regardless of the quality of its finish or the window area of any room. A walk-out basement with finished rooms ________ be included in the above-grade room count.
below; wouldn’t
For units in condo or co-op projects, the appraiser must use interior ______ unit dimensions to calculate the gross living area. In all other instances, the appraiser must use the _______ building dimensions per floor to calculate the above-grade gross living area of a property.
perimeter; exterior
Rooms that are not included in the above-grade room count may add substantially to the value of a property-particularly when the quality of the finish is ______.
high
The appraiser must report the _______ or other partially below-grade areas separately and make appropriate adjustments for them on the ‘basement and finished areas below-grade’ line in the ‘sales comparison analysis’ grid
basement
Total floor area of a building, excluding unenclosed areas, measured from the exterior of the walls of the above grade area. This includes mezzanines and basements if and when typically included in the market area of the type of property involved.
Gross Building Area
GBA is used in measuring ____ - ____ unit residential properties. It is also sometimes used in measuring commercial buildings, such as office buildings. Depending on the situation, it may include some __________ areas or common areas such as hallways.
2-4; unfinished
When appraising 2-4 family residential properties, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD/FHA and VA require an appraiser to use ______ _________ ___
gross building area
Fannie Mae will accept the use of other comparisons for two- to four-unit properties (such as the total above-grade and below-grade areas) provided the appraiser:
explains the reasons he or she did not use a gross building area comparison, and
clearly describes the comparisons that were made.
What to take note of before construction:
Direction of sun How the sun travels seasonally House orientation Home doesn't have to face true south Prevailing wind patterns Topography Sloping lots Soil conditions Drainage capacity of soil Legal Restrictions
Soil maps are available from the
Natural Resources Conservation Service
There may also be __________ on building in a flood hazard area.
restrictions
There may be required distances between the well and septic system - most codes call for at least 100 feet. FHA requires that the well be a minimum of 50 feet from the septic tank, 100 feet from the septic drain field and at least 10 feet from a property line.
100; 50
A ________ area for family activities, such as a pool, patio, deck, play areas such as swing sets, horseshoe pits, etc. This is usually in the rear yard and may be fenced in or screened with shrubbery or trees.
private
A ______ area, usually in the front yard, which contains the guest entrance and driveway.
public
A ______ area that allows for semi-public area for deliveries, trash removal, meter readers, fuel trucks, mail delivery, etc.
service
Some ______ tasks that need to be done before construction include clearing the building site of rocks, trees and stumps, and any debris. Then the property needs to be rough ______. The topsoil should be stripped off and ______ to put back later.
physical; graded; saved
Legal considerations that need to be accomplished include:
Obtain a building permit Check applicable codes Building codes Fire codes Check environmental regulations Wetlands Protected areas Hazard areas Check flood plain Curb cut permit or driveway permit (if needed)
The HUD label on a manufactured home
- is not found in today’s new manufactured homes
- is optional and not important
- is a metal tag on the outside of the home
- is a sticker found inside the home
is a metal tag on the outside of the home
True or False: Modular homes have no permanently attached tags or labels that identify them as modular homes.
True
Which type of home is built to meet the HUD Code?
manufactured home
modular home
both manufactured and modular homes
all new homes built in the U.S. since 2005
manufactured home
Fannie Mae states that in calculating the gross living area (GLA) of a detached home, an appraiser must use \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ measurements. interior exterior exact, to 1/10 of an inch estimated
exterior
The foundation system serves three purposes:
It distributes the weight of the building over the ground, anchors the building to the ground, and protects the wood in the house structure from decay and insect attack.
3 components that make up a foundation system
The soil bed
Footings
Foundation wall or piers
________ need to be at least a foot below average frost penetration levels. This “_____ _____” varies all over the country, from zero in Key West, Florida, to eight feet or better in Lake Placid, New York. The footings need to be on ________, unfilled ground.
Footings; Frost-line; undisturbed
Footings should be ______ as wide as the foundation wall and as deep as the wall is wide. Depending on the soil conditions and local codes, they may or may not have ______ reinforcing rods (rebar).
twice; metal
______ footing pads also need to be constructed on the interior of the foundation wherever posts will be employed to support the floor beams
small
In most of the South and Southwest, the ____________ slab-on-grade foundation is preferred over basements or crawl spaces. It is the quickest and cheapest way to install a foundation. Frost heaving is not a consideration in these regions.
monolithic
The interior of the perimeter walls will be filled with compacted _____ and/or _____, depending on the nature of the soil.
gravel; sand
It is important to drain water away from the house so it doesn’t collect against the ________ and ultimately seep in. Drains made of __-inch perforated plastic pipe are laid outside and below the level of the footings. They are laid in crushed stone and covered with a fabric filter to keep dirt from _______ the pipes.
foundation; 4; clogging
oday most foundations are constructed of poured concrete or concrete block. The most common is _______ _______, although in some areas of the country, concrete block may be more common.
poured concrete
In either form of construction, “__” shaped anchor bolts are installed when the wall is completed. This will be the method to attach the _______ to the first piece of the wooden structure, the sill plates.
J; masonry
_________ are the main support beams and are set in pockets that were formed in the top of the end walls of the foundation.
Grinders
______ are horizontal structural members, placed on edge, which carry the house loads to girders and sills. The thickness, width and spacing are determined by the live loads placed on them. They commonly are 2 x 10’s or 2 x 12’s.
Joists
A good way to combat floor squeaks and improve structural rigidity is to glue the ________ down to the joists and use tongue and groove plywood.
plywood
Balloon framing was introduced around ______ in America.but by the 1930s and 1940s, balloon framing was _______ in many municipalities.
1850; outlawed
Balloon framing has been replaced by
Platform framing
