Chapter Review Flashcards

1
Q

Define: emotion

A
  • involves physiological changes in face, brain, sympathetic nervous system
  • cognitive interpretations
  • tendencies toward action
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2
Q

Emotions are influenced by ____ norms

A

-cultural norms

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3
Q

Primary emotions are…

A

-biologically based and believed to be universal

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4
Q

Secondary emotions are…

A

-emotions that vary by culture

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5
Q

Functions of facial expression include…

A
  • identifying our emotions through facial feedback
  • expressing emotion
  • faking emotion
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6
Q

The polygraph machine is assumed to detect lies, ,but it actually detects…

A

-emotional arousal

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7
Q

People’s ____, _____, and _____ of events generate different emotions.

A
  • beliefs
  • interpretations
  • perceptions
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8
Q

The left prefrontal cortex specializes in…

The right prefrontal cortex specializes in…

A
  • positive emotion and approaching

- negative emotion and escaping

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9
Q

________ are involved in empathy, imitation, and ability to read other people’s emotions

A

-mirror neurons

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10
Q

During experience of any emotion, what 2 hormones produce a state of arousal?

A

-epinephrine and norepinephrine

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11
Q

______ evaluates incoming emotion, especially anger and fear.

A

-amygdala

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12
Q

_______ scrutinizes information for its emotional importance. _________ generates a more complete picture, it can override signals sent to itself by _____.

A
  • amygdala
  • cerebral cortex
  • amygdala
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13
Q

Some psychologists believe _____ affects every aspect of emotional experience.

A

-culture

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14
Q

Most psychologists believe that all human beings share the ability to experience….

A

-primary emotions

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15
Q

Display rules…

A

-regulate how and if emotion is displayed

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16
Q

__________ communicates emotions nonverbally.

A

-body language

17
Q

Emotion work is…

A

-displaying an emotion one does not really feel (usually role required)

18
Q

The sexes ____ in how often they feel the range of everyday emotions.

A

-do not differ

19
Q

__________ women are more verbally and nonverbally expressive than men

A

-north american

20
Q

Men are more likely to express _____ at strangers.

21
Q

Gender differences vary across ______.

22
Q

Both sexes are less expressive to a person of…

A

-higher status

23
Q

Hans Selye argued that environmental stressors produce…

A

-general adaptation syndrome

24
Q

Define: general adaptation syndrome

A

physiological reactions that occur in 3 phases:

  • alert
  • resistance
  • exhaustion
25
Researchers interested in _________ study how psychological factors and physical changes interact with one another to protect health or increase risk of illness.
-psychoneuroimmunology
26
When a person is under stress, the ______ sends messages to the ______ glands along 2 major pathways.
- hypothalamus | - endocrine glands
27
1st pathway activated under stress...
-sympathetic nervous system is activated | "fight or flight"
28
2nd pathway activated under stress...
- initiate activity along HPA axis | - hypothalamus sends messages to pituitary, which tells adrenal cortex to release stress hormones such as cortisol
29
Chronic stressors that affect the immune system and increase likelihood of illness include...
- unemployment and work-related problems | - poverty, powerlessness, low status
30
Two psychological factors that can increase a person's ability to tolerate pain, live with ongoing problems, and recover from illness include...
- optimism | - internal locus of control
31
Health and well-being may depend on a combination of _____ control and _____ control.
- primary | - secondary
32
In primary control...
-one tries to change their stressful situation
33
In secondary control...
-one tries to accept their stressful situation and accommodate
34
Emotional factors that increase risk of heart disease and other illness include...
- cynical or antagonistic hostility - clinical depression - prolonged inhibition of negative emotions
35
Two ways of letting go of negative emotions include...
- confession (revealing private feelings) | - forgiveness (coming to terms with injustice)
36
Ways to reduce physical effects of negative emotions and stress include...
- massage - mindfulness meditation - exercise - relaxation
37
3 ways to rethink a problem include...
- reappraisal of situation - find a way to learn from the experience - make comparisons to others
38
Drawing on ________ or giving it to others can speed recovery from _____.
- social support | - illness
39
The wrong kind of social support can be...
-detrimental