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Psych101: 4-Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain > Chapter Review > Flashcards

Chapter Review Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

The nervous system is broken down into…

A
  • central nervous system (CNS)

- peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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2
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A
  • brain

- spinal cord

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3
Q

Function: CNS

A
  • process, interpret, store information

- issues orders to muscles, glands, and other organs

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4
Q

Function: PNS

A

-transmits information to and from the CNS

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5
Q

The PNS is broken down into…

A
  • somatic nervous system

- autonomic nervous systen

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6
Q

What does the somatic nervous system control?

A

-skeletal muscles

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7
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

regulates:

  • glands
  • blood vessels
  • internal organs
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8
Q

The autonomic nervous system is broken down into…

A
  • sympathetic nervous system

- parasympathetic nervous system

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9
Q

Function: sympathetic nervous system

A
  • energy output

- mobilizes body for action

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10
Q

Function: parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • conserves energy

- maintains quiet state

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11
Q

The basic units of the nervous system are…

A

-neurons

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12
Q

Neurons are composed of…

A
  • dendrites
  • cell body
  • axon
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13
Q

What is the role of glial cells in the nervous system?

A
  • hold neurons in place

- nourish, insulate, and protect neurons

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14
Q

Define: nerves

A

-bundles of axons and some dendrites in the PNS

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15
Q

Function: myelin sheath

A
  • speeds of neural impulses

- prevents interference between adjacent calls

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16
Q

Communication between neurons occurs at…

A

-synapses

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17
Q

Define: action potential

A
  • change in electrical voltage

- produces a neural impulse

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18
Q

Neurotransmitter molecules are released into ___________ and bind to ____________ on _____________.

A
  • synaptic cleft
  • receptor sites
  • the receiving neuron
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19
Q

Neurotransmitter such as, _______, __________, and ___________ play a vital role in mood, memory, and psychological well-being

A
  • serotonin
  • dopamine
  • acetylcholine
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20
Q

Define: endorphins

A
  • modify the action of neurotransmitters

- reduce pain, promote pleasure

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21
Q

_________, chemical substances, produced primarily by ________, are released into the bloodstream and affect organs and cells.

A
  • hormones

- endocrine glands

22
Q

____________ promotes sleep

A

-melatonin

23
Q

___________ plays a role in attachment and trust

A

-oxytocin

24
Q

_____________, such as epinephrine (adrenaline), and norepinephrine, are involved in emotions, memory, and stress

A

-adrenal hormones

25
Q

Sex hormones include…

A
  • testosterone
  • estrogen
  • progesterone
26
Q

The flexibility of the brain to adapt is known as __________.

A

-plasticity

27
Q

What 5 methods are used to study the brain?

A
  • lesion method
  • EEG (electroencephalogram)
  • TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation)
  • PET scan (positron-emission tomography)
  • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
28
Q

Explain: lesion method

A

-observing patients with brain damage

29
Q

Explain: EEG

A

-brain-wave recording

30
Q

Explain: TMS

A

-used as a “virtual” lesion method

31
Q

Explain: PET scan

A

-method for analyzing biochemical activity in the brain

32
Q

Explain: MRI

A

-method for studying body and brain tissue, using magnetic fields and special radio receivers

33
Q

Where is the brain stem located?

A

-lower brain

34
Q

Function: medulla

A

regulates automatic functions such as:

  • breathing
  • heartrate
35
Q

Function: pons

A

invoved in:

  • sleeping
  • waking
  • dreaming
36
Q

___________ is a dense network of neurons that screens incoming information and is responsible for alertness.

A

-reticular activating system (RAS)

37
Q

________ contributes to balance and muscle coordination

A

-cerebellum

38
Q

_______ directs sensory messages

A

-thalamus

39
Q

Function: hypothalamus

A
  • involved in emotions and drives vital to survival

- controls operations in the autonomic nervous system, and the pituitary gland (master gland)

40
Q

Define: limbic system

A

-group of brain areas involved in emotional reactions and motivated behavior

41
Q

Function: amygdala

A

-evaluates sensory information, determines its emotional importance, and decides whether to engage or withdraw from a situation

42
Q

_________ plays a critical role in LTM for facts and events

A

-hippocampus

43
Q

The ______ is divided into 2 ___________, connected by a band of fibers called ________.

A
  • cerebrum
  • cerebral hemispheres
  • corpus callosum
44
Q

The cerebrum is covered by thin layers of cells called…

A

-cerebral cortex

45
Q

The _______ lobes contain the visual cortex.

A

-occipital lobes

46
Q

The ______ lobes contain the somatosensory cortex.

A

-parietal

47
Q

Function: somatosensory cortex

A

receives information about:

  • pressure
  • pain
  • touch
  • temperature
48
Q

The _________ lobes involve memory, perception, and emotion.

A

-temporal

49
Q

The _______ lobes contain the motor cotrtex.

A

-frontal

50
Q

The frontal lobes are involved in…

A
  • decision making
  • carrying out plans
  • social judgment
  • voluntary movement (motor cortex)
  • speech production (broca’s area)
51
Q

The _______ cortex appears to be responsible for higher mental processes.

A

-association

Psych101: 4-Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain (7 decks)

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