Chapter One Test Flashcards
Renaissance
the period in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries when there was a surge of interest in and production of art and literature. “Renaissance art” describes the style of art that came out of this period. In Old French renaissance means “rebirth.”
the period in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries when there was a surge of interest in and production of art and literature. “Renaissance art” describes the style of art that came out of this period. In Old French renaissance means “rebirth.”
Renaissance
Jacob Burckhardt
a Swiss historian of art and culture and an influential figure in the historiography of both fields. He is known as one of the major progenitors of cultural history. An influential nineteenth century historian who famously described the Renaissance as the prototype of the modern world. He he influenced peoples’ opinions about the renaissance.
a Swiss historian of art and culture and an influential figure in the historiography of both fields. He is known as one of the major progenitors of cultural history. An influential nineteenth century historian who famously described the Renaissance as the prototype of the modern world. He he influenced peoples’ opinions about the renaissance.
Jacob Burckhardt
City States
a sovereign state, also described as a type of small independent country, that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories.
a sovereign state, also described as a type of small independent country, that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories.
City States
Grandi
the conservative “old rich” class that ruled Florence. Ex: noblemen and merchants
the conservative “old rich” class that ruled Florence. Ex: noblemen and merchants
Grandi
Popolo Grosso
“New Rich” Emergent newly rich merchant class of florence capitalists and bankers; opposed grandi
“New Rich” Emergent newly rich merchant class of florence capitalists and bankers; opposed grandi
Popolo Grosso
Popolo Minuto
lower class, poor people of Florence, peasants who had no wealth
lower class, poor people of Florence, peasants who had no wealth
Popolo Minuto
Ciompi Revolt
in 1387 the popolo minuto (poor) rebelled in Florence. They ruled for next 4 years until Cosimo de’ Medici
in 1387 the popolo minuto (poor) rebelled in Florence. They ruled for next 4 years until Cosimo de’ Medici
Ciompi Revolt
Cosimo de Medici
(1389-1464) wealthiest Florentine and natural statesman. He internally controlled Florence; behind the scenes. He kept councillors loyal to him in the Signoria. Was head of Office of Public Debt and a patron of the Florentine Platonic Academy. His grandson was Lorenzo il Magnifico
(1389-1464) wealthiest Florentine and natural statesman. He internally controlled Florence; behind the scenes. He kept councillors loyal to him in the Signoria. Was head of Office of Public Debt and a patron of the Florentine Platonic Academy. His grandson was Lorenzo il Magnifico
Cosimo de Medici
Lorenzo de Medici
an Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. Grandson of Cosimo de Medici
an Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. Grandson of Cosimo de Medici
Lorenzo de Medici
Condottieri
the leaders of the professional military free companies contracted by the Italian city-states and the Papacy from the late Middle Ages and throughout the Renaissance. In Renaissance Italian, condottiero meant “contractor”
the leaders of the professional military free companies contracted by the Italian city-states and the Papacy from the late Middle Ages and throughout the Renaissance. In Renaissance Italian, condottiero meant “contractor”
Condottieri
Humanism
an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.
an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.
Humanism
Studia Humanitatis
liberal arts program of study that focuses on grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, philosophy, and politics.
liberal arts program of study that focuses on grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, philosophy, and politics.
Studia Humanitatis
Francesco Petrarch
An Italian poet (1304-1374) is praised for his Canzoniere, lyric poetry. He is considered to be one of the greatest love poets of world literature. Also was the founder of humanism
An Italian poet (1304-1374) is praised for his Canzoniere, lyric poetry. He is considered to be one of the greatest love poets of world literature. Also was the founder of humanism
Francesco Petrarch
Dante Alighieri
An Italian poet and moral philosopher. He was known for writing “The Divine Comedy”. This epic he wrote talks about the three branches of “the Christian afterlife” heaven, hell, and purgatory.
An Italian poet and moral philosopher. He was known for writing “The Divine Comedy”. This epic he wrote talks about the three branches of “the Christian afterlife” heaven, hell, and purgatory.
Dante Alighieri
Giovani Boccacio
An Italian poet, humanist, and writer. His famous piece of work is “Decameron”. Which is a gathering of a hundred tales being told by 10 people who escape from the city to survive the Black Death
An Italian poet, humanist, and writer. His famous piece of work is “Decameron”. Which is a gathering of a hundred tales being told by 10 people who escape from the city to survive the Black Death
Giovani Boccacio
Baldassare Castiglione
An Italian author, diplomat, and courtier. His famous piece of work he made was “Book of the Courtier”. This piece of art propagated Italian humanism to England and France.
An Italian author, diplomat, and courtier. His famous piece of work he made was “Book of the Courtier”. This piece of art propagated Italian humanism to England and France.
Baldassare Castiglione
Christine de Pisan
An original writer defending women during medieval times.
An original writer defending women during medieval times.
Christine de Pisan
Pico Della Mirandola
An Italian Renaissance nobleman and philosopher. First Christian scholar to use “kabbalistic Doctrine” to support Christian Theology.
An Italian Renaissance nobleman and philosopher. First Christian scholar to use “kabbalistic Doctrine” to support Christian Theology.
Pico Della Mirandola
Platonism
the theory that numbers or other abstract objects are objective, timeless entities, independent of the physical world and of the symbols used to represent them.
the theory that numbers or other abstract objects are objective, timeless entities, independent of the physical world and of the symbols used to represent them.
Platonism
Lorenzo Valla
An Italian humanist, educator, Catholic priest, rhetorician. He is well known for his ability to analyze text. This skill was used to prove that the “Donation of Constantine” was fake
An Italian humanist, educator, Catholic priest, rhetorician. He is well known for his ability to analyze text. This skill was used to prove that the “Donation of Constantine” was fake
Lorenzo Valla
Civic Humanism
Todays term to mean moral, social and political philosophy. This idea originated during the fourteenth and fifteenth Italian city-states.
Todays term to mean moral, social and political philosophy. This idea originated during the fourteenth and fifteenth Italian city-states.
Civic Humanism
High Renaissance
A style of art during the beginning of the 16th century in Western Europe. This art thrived in Rome and Florence. The art comprised of technical mastery of drawing and conception, and a mature humanist idea.
A style of art during the beginning of the 16th century in Western Europe. This art thrived in Rome and Florence. The art comprised of technical mastery of drawing and conception, and a mature humanist idea.
High Renaissance
Chiaroscuro
The different contrasts of light and shadows in a piece of art.
The different contrasts of light and shadows in a piece of art.
Chiaroscuro
Leonardo Da Vinci
was a man of an extraordinary skill set. Living through the Renaissance, he was an artist, inventor, architect, and student.
was a man of an extraordinary skill set. Living through the Renaissance, he was an artist, inventor, architect, and student.
Leonardo Da Vinci
Raphael
A young Renaissance painter that lived in Italy, Florence, and Rome. He is famous for his Madonnas and Frescoes.
A young Renaissance painter that lived in Italy, Florence, and Rome. He is famous for his Madonnas and Frescoes.
Raphael
Michelangelo
A phenomenal painter, sculptor, architect, and poet. He lived in Renaissance centered cities like Italy, Florence, and Rome.
A phenomenal painter, sculptor, architect, and poet. He lived in Renaissance centered cities like Italy, Florence, and Rome.
Michelangelo
Mannerism
An art style that focused on the manner and feelings of the artist during the mid to late sixteenth century.
An art style that focused on the manner and feelings of the artist during the mid to late sixteenth century.
Mannerism
The French Invasions (of Italy)
A series of invasions by the French when Ludovico invited them into Italy.
A series of invasions by the French when Ludovico invited them into Italy.
The French Invasions (of Italy)
Pope Alexander VI
A corrupt pope that only sought to boost his own family’s political status. He made unnecessary sacrifices to gain power and control.
A corrupt pope that only sought to boost his own family’s political status. He made unnecessary sacrifices to gain power and control.
Pope Alexander VI
Niccolo Machiavelli
a diplomat who strived to better Italy’s unity and formulated political theory. He was dismissed when the Medici clan regained power.
a diplomat who strived to better Italy’s unity and formulated political theory. He was dismissed when the Medici clan regained power.
Niccolo Machiavelli
Ferdinand and Isabella
Royalty that married to conjoin their two kingdoms. Ferdinand ruled Aragon, and Isabella was sovereign of Castile.
Royalty that married to conjoin their two kingdoms. Ferdinand ruled Aragon, and Isabella was sovereign of Castile.
Ferdinand and Isabella
Golden Bull
An agreement made in 1356 that established an electoral college of seven members to elect an Emperor.
An agreement made in 1356 that established an electoral college of seven members to elect an Emperor.
Golden Bull
Northern Renaissance
The rebirth of art, education, and ideas in Northern Europe.
The rebirth of art, education, and ideas in Northern Europe.
Northern Renaissance
Johann Guttenberg
Johann Guttenberg was a German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who invented the world’s first printing press.
Johann Guttenberg was a German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who invented the world’s first printing press.
Johann Guttenberg
Printing Press
A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium, thereby transferring the ink
A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium, thereby transferring the ink
Printing Press
Desiderius Erasmus
was a Dutch Christian Humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance.
a Dutch Christian Humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance.
Desiderius Erasmus
Thomas More
Sir Thomas More, venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist
Sir Thomas More, venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist
Thomas More
Prince Henry the Navigator
the Navigator, was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion.
the Navigator, was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion.
Prince Henry the Navigator
Christopher Columbus
was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain
was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain
Christopher Columbus
Hernan Cortes
a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.
a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.
Hernan Cortes
Moctezuma II
was the ninth tlatoani or ruler of Tenochtitlan, reigning from 1502 to 1520.
was the ninth tlatoani or ruler of Tenochtitlan, reigning from 1502 to 1520.
Moctezuma II
Francisco Pizarro
a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Inca Empire. He captured and killed Incan emperor Atahualpa, and claimed the lands for Spain.
Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Inca Empire. He captured and killed Incan emperor Atahualpa, and claimed the lands for Spain.
Francisco Pizarro
Bartolomé de las Casas
16th-century Spanish colonist who acted as a historian and social reformer before becoming a Dominican friar.
a 16th-century Spanish colonist who acted as a historian and social reformer before becoming a Dominican friar.
Bartolomé de las Casas
Conquistadores
a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.
a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.
Conquistadores
Hacienda
a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house.
a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house.
Hacienda
Encomienda
a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.
a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.
Encomienda
