chapter 2 test answers

Question 1

How was the Peace of Augsburg like the Treaty of Westphalia?

Answer 1

Both agreements established that the ruler of a land may determine the official religion of that land.

Question 2

Which of the following statements most accurately explains the impact that the fourth period of the Thirty Years’ War, the Swedish-French period, had on Germany?

Answer 2

During the fourth period of the war, French, Swedish, and Spanish soldiers looted all of Germany, killing an estimated one-third of its population.

Question 3

The Roman Catholic Church recognized the need for reform and met from 1545–1563 at the _______.

Answer 3

Council of Trent

Question 4

Luther’s response to the German Peasants’ Revolt proved that his reforms were ________.

Answer 4

religious, not social

Question 5

King Henry IV stunned France, Spain, and the pope by ________.

Answer 5

publicly abandoning the Protestant faith and embracing Catholicism

Question 6

Luther’s ninety-five theses ________.

Answer 6

sparked the Reformation in Germany

Question 7

What advantage did an indulgence grant the buyer?

Answer 7

release from time in purgatory

Question 8

The Peace of Augsburg recognized in law what had already been established in practice, which was that _________.

Answer 8

the ruler of a land would determine the religion in his territory

Question 9

The Treaty of Westphalia finally granted Calvinists _________.

Answer 9

legal recognition

Question 10

The new Protestant schools and universities of the 1500s were most likely to teach ________.

Answer 10

the ideas of humanism

Question 11

The Thirty Years’ War began as a(n) ________.

Answer 11

revolt of Bohemian Protestant nobility against an unpopular king

Question 12

The most successful politique was ________.

Answer 12

Elizabeth I of England

Question 13

Shakespeare’s work can be said to deal with _________.

Answer 13

themes common to all humanity

Question 14

Catherine de Médicis convinced the king to execute the Protestant leaders in the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre because she claimed that _______.

Answer 14

a Protestant coup was afoot, and that he must save the crown from an attack on Paris

Question 15

The Reformation Parliament met for seven years and determined that ________.

Answer 15

the Catholic Church would remain the church of England

Question 16

Whereas Charles Stuart is hereby declared to be justly condemned, and put to death, it is enacted, ordained, and declared, by this Parliament that all the people of England and Ireland are discharged of all fealty, homage, and allegiance…And whereas it hath been found by experience that the office of a king in this nation and Ireland is unnecessary, burdensome, and dangerous to the liberty, safety, and public interest of the people; be it therefore enacted and ordained by this present Parliament that the office of a king in this nation shall not be exercised by any one single person; and that no one person shall have or hold the office, power, or authority of king…

—Cromwell Abolishes the English Monarchy (1651)

Opponents of the values that characterized the beliefs of Cromwell might well have supported what type of government?

Answer 16

absolutism

Question 17

In my preceding pamphlet I had no occasion to condemn the peasants, because they promised to yield to law and better instruction, as Christ also demands. But before I can turn around, they go out and appeal to force, in spite of their promises, and rob and pillage and act like mad dogs… They practice mere devil’s work, and it is the arch-devil himself who reigns at Mühlhausen, Thomas Münzer, indulging in nothing but robbery, murder, and bloodshed. Since those peasants allow themselves to be led astray and act differently from what they declared, I likewise must write differently concerning them; and first bring their sins before their eyes, as God commands.

—Martin Luther, Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants (1525)

Which Protestant leader might well have disagreed with Luther on this issue?

Henry IV

Answer 17

John Calvin

Question 18

We ordain that the Catholic religion shall be restored in all places and districts of our kingdom, so that it can be freely practiced there, without any disturbance or hindrance. We forbid all to disturb or cause annoyance to cler­ics in their celebrations, the receipt of tithes, and other rights and duties which belong to them…We also forbid those of the so-called Reformed religion to hold prayer meetings in the houses and dwellings of the above-said clerics…

In order not to leave any cause for disputes between our subjects, we permit those of the so-called Reformed religion to dwell in the towns and districts of our kingdom, without being molested or constrained to do anything against their conscience.

—The Edict of Nantes, 1598

The above document best represents which of the following?

Answer 18

the culmination of the French Wars of Religion

Question 19

The Massacre of Protestants at Vassy, France (March 1, 1562)

The event depicted above began which of the following?

Answer 19

the French Wars of Religion

Question 20

The map represents

Answer 20

the time of religious pluralism

Question 21

Oneiromancy (witchcraft) may be practiced in two ways. The first is when a person uses dreams so that he may dip into the occult with the help of the revelation of devils with whom he has entered into an open pact. The second is when a man uses dreams for knowing the future. Witches, when they do not wish to be bodily transferred, but desire to see what their fellow-witches are doing, it is their practice to lie down and these things are revealed to in images. And if they seek to know some secret, they learn it in dreams from the devil, by reason of an open pact entered into with him.

—Dominicans Heinrich Kramer & Jacob Sprenger, Excerpt from Malleus Maleficarum (1486)

Based on the passage above and your knowledge, which of the following groups would have been most opposed to this interpretation?

Answer 21

lower class women

Question 22

Whereas Charles Stuart is hereby declared to be justly condemned, and put to death, it is enacted, ordained, and declared, by this Parliament that all the people of England and Ireland are discharged of all fealty, homage, and allegiance…And whereas it hath been found by experience that the office of a king in this nation and Ireland is unnecessary, burdensome, and dangerous to the liberty, safety, and public interest of the people; be it therefore enacted and ordained by this present Parliament that the office of a king in this nation shall not be exercised by any one single person; and that no one person shall have or hold the office, power, or authority of king…

—Cromwell Abolishes the English Monarchy (1651)

The passage above represents the culmination of which of the following events?

Answer 22

the English Civil War

Question 23

The Church has always understood that confession of sins was instituted by the Lord, and necessary for all who have fallen into sin after baptism; the Lord Jesus Christ, when about to ascend from earth to heaven, left his own vicars, before whom all mortal offenses into which the faithful have fallen should be carried, so that they may pronounce forgiveness or retention of sins.

Venial sin whereby we are not excluded from the grace of God, into which we fall more frequently may be omitted without guilt and expiated by other remedies. But since all mortal sins, even those of thought, render men enemies of God; it is necessary to seek pardon from God for every mortal sin, by a full confession…

—Council of Trent

Based on the document and your knowledge, which of the following would be the most likely to agree with the general tone of the document?

Answer 23

Jesuits

Question 24

German states 1618-1648

The event depicted that led to the above map was

Answer 24

the Thirty Years War.

Question 25

The Edict of Nantes, 1598

Which of the following would be most likely to agree with the views represented in the document?

Answer 25

Elizabeth I

Question 26

Dominicans Heinrich Kramer & Jacob Sprenger, Excerpt from Malleus Maleficarum (1486)

The passage above, when applied to the late 16th and early 17th centuries, represents a continued reflection of?

Answer 26

social and economic upheaval in Europe

Question 27

I, Catherine Zell, wife of the late Mathew Zell, wish you God’s peace. Since I was ten I have been a student of the church. I have frequented the company of learned men, conversed with them about God. While other women decorated themselves, going to dances and giving themselves to pleasure, I went into the houses of poor to care for the sick. Consider the Anabaptists, who are so persecuted. Must authorities be incited against them, they acknowledge the Lord in much the same way we do? Just because they cannot agree with us on lesser things, is this reason to persecute them? Governments may punish, but they should not govern belief. Mathew Zell would not have approved.

—Catherine Zell, “Letter to Ludwig Rabus,” 1556–1558

The passage above represents a conflict ove

Answer 27

differing views on the Protestant Reformation.

Question 28

Catherine Zell, “Letter to Ludwig Rabus,” 1556–1558

Which of the following leaders might have agreed with Catherine Zell’s views on this issue?

Answer 28

John Calvin

Question 29

—The Edict of Nantes, 1598

The passage above represents

Answer 29

allowing religious pluralism in order to maintain peace.

Question 30

German States 1618–1648

Based on your knowledge and the map above, which of the following statements is true?

Answer 30

European states exploiting religious conflicts to promote their own political and economic interests contributed to the losses shown.

Question 31

Calvinist church in the Palatinate

Which of the following might have resulted from the conflict between the Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire?

Answer 31

the acceptance of the Protestant theory by Catholic authorities

Question 32

Calvinist church in the Palatinate

The fact that these represent a Catholic and Calvinist church in the Holy Roman Empire means that which of the following has already occurred?

Answer 32

Calvinism has been adopted by some princes in the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 33

Martin Luther, Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants (1525)

Which of the following developments most likely explains the reason for the conflict that led to the production of the above document?

Answer 33

new interpretations of Christian doctrine and practice

Question 34

—Council of Trent

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true based on the above document?

Answer 34

There was a revival of the Catholic Church, but Christianity remained divided.

Question 35

—Martin Luther, Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants (1525)

The passage above represents a conflict over?

Answer 35

the purpose of the Protestant Reformation