Chapter One Flash Cards
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Three States of Matter
Solid, liquid, gas
A solid has a ___ volume and ____ shape
definite volume and shape
A liquid has a ____ volume and a(n) ____ shape
definite volume, indefinite shape
A gas assume the ____ and _____ of their containers
shape and volume
Liquids assume the shape of their ____
container
Pure Substance
Constant composition (ie copper and nitrogen gas)
Mixture
Have 2+ types of matter that can be separated (ie sea water + air)
Element
Pure substance that cannot be broken down any further by chemical changes
Compound
Pure substance that can be broken down by further chemical changes
Homogenous Mixture
A mixture with uniform composition (ie air, gatorade)
Heterogenous Mixture
A mixture without uniform composition (ie trail mix, pasta in boiling water)
Physical Property
Characteristic of matter not associated with changes in chemical composition (ie. conductivity, boiling point)
Chemical Property
When matter can change from one form to another (ie. flammability, reactivity)
Physical Change
Change in the state of the properties of matter (boiling water, salt dissolving, cutting paper)
Chemical Change
Change that makes a new kind of matter (ie iron rusting, fruit molding)
Unit
Standard for comparison
The two most common unit systems are
Imperial and metric systems
The unit system used by scientists that’s based on the metric system
International system of units
SI base units
- Length
- Mass
- Time
- Temperature
- Amount of substance
Length
Meter (M)
Mass
kilogram (kg)
Time
Second (s)
Temperature
Kelvin (K)
Amount of substance
mole (mol)
giga (G)
10x10ˆ9
mega (M)
10x10ˆ6
Kilo (k)
1x10ˆ3
Deci (d)
1x10ˆ-1
centi (c)
1x10ˆ-2
milli (m)
1x10ˆ-3
micro (μ)
1x10ˆ-6
nano (n)
1x10ˆ-9
Volume
A measure of space occupied by something
Volume of a cylinder
πrˆ2h
Volume of a cylinder
lˆ3
Volume of a sphere
4/3πrˆ3
Volume of a rectangular prism
lwh
Density
The ratio of mass to volume
Common units of density
g/cmˆ3 , g/L , g/mˆ3
Exact number
A result of counting (ie 4 potatoes)
Accuracy
How close a number is to the true measurement
Precision
How close together your repeated measurements are
Mass
measure of the amount of matter in an object
Weight
The force of gravity exerted on an object
Atom
The smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element
Molecule
2 or more atoms connected by a chemical bond
Diatonic Elements
H2, O2, N2, Cl2, Br2, I2, F2
Extensive Property
Depends on amount of material
Examples of extensive properties
Mass, Volume, Heat
Intensive Properties
Depends on the type of material
Examples of intensive properties
density, temperature, color, humidity
Three parts of a measurement
Number, Unit, Uncertainty
Number
Size or magnitude of a measurement
Unit
A standard of comparison for the measurement
Uncertainty
An indication of the uncertainty of the measurement
Fahrenheit to Celsius
TF= 9/5Tc + 32
Kelvin to Celsius
Tk = Tc +273.15
