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computer essentials > Chapter one: computer basics > Flashcards

Chapter one: computer basics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a computer?

A

A computer is a machine that changes information from one form to another by doing four basic actions: input - storage - processing - output

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2
Q

What are the four actions of a computer’s information processing cycle?

A

input, processing, storage, output

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3
Q

How do the computers work? What system.

A

Computers work with binary system that has fixed value.

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4
Q

What does Bit mean? And how many values does it have?

A

Bit is a short for binary digit. Each bit has two possible values, 0 or 1

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5
Q

What is byte?

A

Byte is groups of 0s or 1s (combinations of bits) entered to the computer as pieces of data.

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6
Q

Describe the hexadecimal?

A

One hexadecimal digit equal to four binary digits.

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7
Q

How many bytes does the colors can represented?

A

Colors can be represented by three-byte (8bit +8bit +8bit) where each byte represents red, green, or blue (RGB).

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8
Q

How many possible combinations of 0 or 1 in each group?

A

There are 256 possible combinations.

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9
Q

How do we represent a color?

A

RGB are codes simplified into a 6-digit hexadecimal value. First two digits of hexadecimal are Red, second two digits are Green, last two digits are Blue.

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10
Q

What is encoding character?

A

Is type of encoding character as bytes.

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11
Q

Why do we use encoding?

A

Because computers only recognize binary data, so texts or pictures enter to computer as codes in binary form (digital).

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12
Q

What is the most common coding system in character set?

A

ASCII: uses 8 bits.
Unicode: uses 16 bits.

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13
Q

What are the computer elements?

A

A computer system consists of two major elements: 1- Hardware 2- Software.

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14
Q

What is computer hardware?

A

Hardware are the computer’s physical parts.

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15
Q

What is the function of the processor hardware device?

A

Processor is a hardware device turns raw data into usable information.

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16
Q

Where can we find most computer hardware? What they do?

A

Most computer hardware is inside the case. They used for processing and storing data.

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17
Q

Give two examples for hardware used outside the computer case?

A

Keyboard and mouse.

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18
Q

What are the main components of a computer?

A
  • Motherboard
  • CPU (Central Processing Unit)
  • RAM (Random Access Memory)
  • HDD (Hard Disk Drive)
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19
Q

What is the function of the motherboard?

A

The motherboard connects hardware and allows data to travel from one hardware device to another. Motherboard also known as the system board or the main board.

20
Q

What does the motherboard contain?

A

Motherboards are containing a set of paths called buses uses for communications between devices.

21
Q

Why does the CPU is the most important processing devices?

A

Because CPU receives data input, executes instructions and processing information.

22
Q

Where can we find the CPU?

A

The CPU fits into the motherboard’s CPU socket.

23
Q

Which unit do we use to measure CPU’s speed?

A

CPU’s speed measured in gigahertz (GHz) Example: (4.10GHz)

24
Q

Where can we find RAM? And why?

A

RAM located in specific slots in the motherboard close to the CPU, because it allows the CPU to quickly find the data it works with.

25
Q

What is Cache memory? And where is it located?

A

Cache memory is located between CPU and RAM, the CPU uses this memory to buffer memory during processing.

26
Q

What are the differences between RAM and Cache memory?

A

RAM comes with high capacity storage than Cache memory

27
Q

Does RAM stores data when computer is on?

A

Yes, it does, but the data lost when the computer is off.

28
Q

Which unit do we use to measure RAM?

A

RAM measured by gigabyte. Example (8 GB)

29
Q

What is HDD? What does HDD do?

A

HDD is a hard disk drive that holds the most data in amount of several hundred gigabytes and it stores data permanently even when computer is off.

30
Q

How the computer components powered?

A

Computer components are powered by electricity

31
Q

What is circuit? And what does it contain?

A

Circuit is a network of electronics that contains switches or transistors.

32
Q

What is the function of transformer?

A

transfer electricity from one circuit to another

33
Q

What is the power supply? And why do we use it?

A

Power supply is a hardware used to convert AC to DC.

34
Q

What are the peripheral devices?

A

Peripheral devices are separate pieces of hardware but can be connecter to the case by wire or wireless to move data back and forth.

35
Q

What are the expansions cards? Where do they fit?

A

Expansions cards are Sound cards, video cards … and they provide extra functionality, they fit into slots on the motherboard.

36
Q

What are the supercomputers?

A

Supercomputers are the largest and most powerful computer.

37
Q

What is the Mainframe?

A

Mainframe used in centralizes computing systems as the location storage of data.

38
Q

What is the server?

A

The server holds all the data and programs in a network.

39
Q

Name 4 computers for individuals?

A

Desktop computers, tablet computers, smart phones and wearable computers.

40
Q

What is computer software?

A

Software includes all the programs that tell a computer what to do and how to do it.

41
Q

How many types of software does the computer have? Name them.

A

Computer have two software:
* System software.
* Application software.

42
Q

What does the programmer do?

A

Programmer writes instructions, called source code using programming language such as Java or C then these instructions become a software.

43
Q

How many types of programming? What are they?

A

There are two types of programming:
* Procedural programming: which uses step-by-step instructions.
* Object-oriented programming: which provides rules for creating and managing objects include data and how to process it.

44
Q

Give two examples for each programming languages?

A

Procedural programming language includes: C, Fortran, Basic.
Object-oriented programming language includes: Java, Python.

45
Q

What are the differences between Compliers and Interpreters?

A

Interpreters program: translate source code directly into actions. Compliers program: translate source code into binary form.
They both translate source code into form can be read by computer, but compliers complete tasks faster than Interpreter.

46
Q

What is algorithm?

A

Algorithm is a linear sequence of instructions that results in computer preforming a specific task.

computer essentials (4 decks)

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