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computer essentials > chapter 4:System software > Flashcards

chapter 4:System software Flashcards

1
Q

What does interface mean?

A

Operating system controls all the computer’s functions and provides the on-screen tools to interact with the computer and its programs. This is called an interface.

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2
Q

What are the 5 operating system (OS) tasks?

A

Manages the CPU so that processing tasks are done properly.
Manages computer memory
Manages files stored on the computer’s disks.
Manages input and output devices.
Loads applications programs into memory.

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3
Q

When conflict can occur?

A

Conflicts can occur when two programs try to occupy the same space in RAM, causing a program crash until conflict is resolved.

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4
Q

What are the differences between update and upgrade?

A

Update is to fix problems and remove bugs
Upgrade is to introduces new features and new functions.

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5
Q

What are the types of operating systems?

A
  • Real-time operating systems: used to control large equipment or machines to regulate factory because they require little user interaction.
  • Single-used/single-task systems: let one person to do one task at a time.
  • Single-used/multitasking systems: let one person do several jobs at one time or one after one.
  • Multi-user systems: allow many users to use one large computer.
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6
Q

What are the operating systems for computers?

A
  • Mac OS X: Apple became the first computer maker equipped with graphical user interface(GUI).
  • Microsoft Windows OS: is currently the market leader.
  • UNIX: was one of the first operating system ever written, later one of their personal computers call Linux
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7
Q

Why do we use operating systems for mobile devices?

A

Mobile devices and tablets are computers and they need an OS to run properly.

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8
Q

What does operating systems do for mobile devices?

A

Operating systems for mobile devices do the maximize the efficiency of a smaller touch screen, limited memory and limited storage capacity.

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9
Q

How many OS does the smart phones contains? Why?

A

Smart phones contain two operating systems one supports the user’s software and one operates the phone’s hardware.

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10
Q

What are the most common mobile devices OS?

A

Apple’s IOS.
* Microsoft Windows phone.
* Google android.

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11
Q

How we boot the computer?

A

When we turn computer on, we boot it.

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12
Q

What does computer boot perform?

A

When computer boots it performs a series of tests called the Power-On Self-Test or POST

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13
Q

What happen during POST?

A

During POST the major components of the system are checked. It does this part by reading information stored on the CMOS chip.

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14
Q

What does CMOS stand for? And what is it?

A

CMOS stands for Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor. It is a battery-powered memory chip on the motherboard that stores information about the computer components.

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15
Q

What is a login screen?

A

It is a screen asks you for username and password when operating system starts.

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16
Q

How to protect data?

A

One way to protect data is to set up user accounts to identify who can access to computer.

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17
Q

Who is system administrator?

A

The system administrator is the person responsible for maintaining the computer system and for setting up user accounts, he has permission to customize and configure all aspects of the system for all users.

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18
Q

What is specific user rights?

A

Specific user rights are the limit or allow access given by the administrator

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19
Q

Give four examples for user rights?

A
  • Can install or remove programs.
  • File access (read-only or edit).
  • Can add or remove hardware.
  • Change operating system settings.
20
Q

What computer operating systems are based on?

A

Computer operating systems are based on visual displays. The GUI lets you use a pointing device to interact with workspace on computer screen called desktop.

21
Q

What are icons means?

A

Pictures called icons represent resources on the computer such as a program, a document, a hardware device, or Web site.

22
Q

How operating systems manage file storage?

A

Most operating systems manage file storage using multilevel or hierarchical filing system called a directory.

23
Q

What does root directory mean?

A

The directory looks like the roots of a tree. At the top is the main storage location called root directory. Within the root are subdirectories called folders which may contain other folders inside called subfolders and files. Most OS come with some folders already set up for example: windows comes with Documents, Pictures, Control Panel and so on.

24
Q

Write common file type and their extensions?

A

.doc/.docx: for Microsoft Word documents.
.xls/.xlsx: for Microsoft Excel documents.
.ppt/.pptx: for Microsoft PowerPoint Presentations.
.txt: for Text documents
.wav: for Waveform Audio File.
.mp3: for MP3 Audio File.
.jpg: for JPEG Image File.
.mov: for QuickTime Video File.
.zip: for Compressed File.
.html: HTML File.
.csv: Comma Separated Values Document.

25
Q

What is task manager?

A

The ability to monitor your computer’s performance in real-time.

26
Q

What does task manager window contain?

A
  • Processes Tap.
  • The Performance.
  • The App History.
  • The Startup.
  • The Users.
  • The Details.
  • The Services.
27
Q

What does processes tap show?

A

Processes Tap show all apps and processes currently in use and their status, if blank the app is running normally if not responding the program has hung up. And also, you can End Task for not responding apps and avoid rebooting the entire system. And you can see each program exactly what percentage of CPU time it is using and memory usage.

28
Q

What does performance tap show?

A

Performance tap displays summary information for:
* CPU usage. * Memory usage. * Disk usage. * Ethernet.

29
Q

What does happen when you sleep mode or standby the computer?

A

The power is shut off to non-essential components.

30
Q

What does happen when you hibernate mode the computer?

A

Data from RAM is saved to the hard disk then power shut down.

31
Q

What does utility system do?

A

Utility system does the maintenance and repair jobs that the OS cannot itself.

32
Q

There are many types of utilities built into OS, give examples?

A
  • File Manager.
  • Driver utility.
  • Program utility. * Backup utility.
  • File compressing.
  • Disk management.
  • Virus detection
33
Q

What is the most important tool in OS? Why?

A

The most important tool in OS is the File Manager, because you can use the file finder utility to look for file.

34
Q

What are the tasks does file manager perform?

A
  • Create new folders or subfolders.
  • Move or copy items between folders.
  • Delete files and folders.
  • Launch applications.
35
Q

What does driver utility contain?

A

Driver utility contains data needed by programs to operate input and output devices, operating systems that have Plug and Play (PnP) capability can automatically detect new PnP-compatible devices. Otherwise you can download files from device manufacturer’s web site or use CD/DVD.

36
Q

What does program utility do?

A

You can install or uninstall or reinstall programs.

37
Q

Where does backup utility copy data?

A

Backup utility programs automatically copy data from the computer’s hard drive to a backup storage device.

38
Q

What does File compression utility do?

A

File compression utility are programs that reduce the size of files without harming the data because smaller files are quicker to transfer.

39
Q

What does Disk management utility do?

A

Computer files can be corrupted or damaged and the data is unrecoverable.
A disk scanner checks magnetic disks for error and tries to correct irregularities on a disk’s surface.

40
Q

What is a file fragmentation?

A

A file fragmentation occurs when a file is broken into pieces that are saves into different places on a hard drive.

41
Q

what is a defragmenter?

A

A defragmenter utility reverses file fragmentation.

42
Q

How can disk errors occur?

A

When a new program is loaded or removed from the system.

43
Q

What is Malware?

A

Malware is a software designed to damage or disable your computer system or data.

44
Q

What is a virus?

A

A virus is a type of malware that can replicate or copy itself.

45
Q

What happen if an antivirus discovers a virus?

A

It alerts you then attempts to disable and remove the virus.

computer essentials (4 decks)

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