CHAPTER ONE Flashcards
The conscientious use of current best evidence in making decisions about client care.
Evidence-based Practice
percentage of adolescents that do not meet physical activity guidelines
80%
Systolic greater than 180 and/or diastolic greater than 120 mm Hg
Hypertensive crisis
Phase 5 of the OPT Model?
Power
A group of hormones secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing the perception of pain.
Endorphins
Systolic between 120 and 129 AND diastolic less than 80 mm HG
Elevated
The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement.
Joint Stability
A medical condition that persists for a long duration or cannot be cured altogether, typically lasting for 3 months or more.
Chronic Disease
These forms of training are specific to what? Flexibility and mobility Core Strength and Stability Cardiorespiratory (cardio) Balance Plyometrics Speed, Agility, and Quickness Resistance
An integrated approach to exercise
A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
Cancer
The three fundamental components of evidence-based practice are:
Individual Professional Expertise
Best External Evidence
Client values and expectations
Phase 1 of the OPT Model?
Stabilization Endurance
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear
A _______ helps motivate clients by setting goals and providing feedback and accountability and recommendations for progression or alternate workouts.
Certified Personal trainer
Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein.
Diabetes
Bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes and intensities. Movement that is not structured exercise such as recreational pursuits.
Physical Activity
A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat.
Obesity
Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
When muscles on each side of adjoins have altered length-tension relationships.
Muscle Imbalance
The study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.
Kinesiology
An inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot, which often results in intense heel pain.
Plantar Fasciitis
Myocardial infarction is also known as
Heart Attack
Which phase of OPT is “Muscular Development”?
Phase 3
fitness professional with advanced knowledge, training, and experience in designing and implementing strength and conditioning programs for competitive athletes.
strength and conditioning coach
BMI of 30.0-34.9
Obsese
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee.
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) tear
Phase 3 of the OPT Model?
Muscular Development
A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.
Stroke
the simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy.
Glucose
An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone)
Patellar tendonitis
A medical condition that occurs suddenly and can be treated and healed in a short period of time.
Acute Disease
percentage of adults that experience some form of low-back pain at least once during their lifetime.
80%
The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium.
Homeostatis
food and nutrition experts who have met specific academic and professional requirements and passed the required national certification exam. provide nutritional advice.
Registered dietitian nutritionist
A body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9
Overweight
What phase of OPT is “Maximal Strength”?
Phase 4
all the things a given professional can do within the legal boundaries of their job title
scope of practice
the inability of the cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes.
insulin resistance
aka chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviors factors.
Noncommunicable Diseases
a fitness professional who teaches, leads, and motivates individuals through large-group exercise classes.
group fitness instructor
The three levels of the OPT Model are?
Stabilization - Level 1
Strength - Level 2
Power - Level 3
Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.
Risk Factor
licensed healthcare professional who primarily deals with conditions relating to spinal alignment. Uses manipulation of the vertebrae to help alleviate nervous system dysfunction.
Chiropractor
A state or a risk of death or dying.
Mortality
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.
Diastolic blood pressure
The state of having a disease.
Morbidity
Phase 4 of the OPT Model?
Maximal Strength
The combined, interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body.
Musculoskeletal System
Works with sports teams of the sports as part of the sports medicine staff. Can also work in a variety of fitness-related settings or schools
Athletic Trainers
Having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater.
Obesity
The process by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.
Atherosclerosis
the form of cholesterol that makes up the plaque that clogs arteries
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
Which phase of OPT is “Stabilization Endurance”?
Phase 1
The hormone that helps transport glucose into cells to be used for energy.
insulin
the spectrum of preventive, acute (immediate), and long-term healthcare needs.
Healthcare continuum
The two leading preventable causes of death are:
smoking and being overweight or obese
A stretching or tearing of ligaments.
Sprain
A general term used to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory (nonreversible) asthma.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
An individual with specific knowledge of fitness and exercise science who has passed a national certification.
a Certified Personal trainer
BMI of 25.0-29.9
Overweight
The most common root cause of strokes, heart attacks, heart failure, heart valve problems and arrhythmias.
Ischemic heart disease
“bad cholesterol”
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
professionals who practice massage therapy
licensed massage therapist
BMI of 35.0-39.9
Obesity II
Type of diabetes in which the body still produces insulin, but it is not used properly by the cells.
Type 2
A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats to quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.
Arrhythmia
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Health
The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation.
Socioeconomic status
What phase of OPT is “Power”?
Phase 5
A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.
Heart Failure
Less than 120/80 mm Hg
Normal
A waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells
Cholesterol
A category of heart related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.
Ischemic heart disease
Consistently elevated blood pressure.
Hypertension
The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.
Skeletal Muscle
The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked.
Heart Attack
Power is what level of the OPT Model?
Level 3
Type of diabetes in which the pancreases does not make enough insulin.
Type 1
A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability.
Deconditions
CPTs are what in the healthcare continuum?
health and fitness specialties
A practitioner who is educated in many areas of physical rehabilitation.
Physical therapist
BMI stands for?
Body mass index
BMI of <18.5
Underweight
Systolic 140 or higher OR diastolic 90 mm Hg or higher
Stage 2 Hypertension
Which phase of OPT is “Strength Endurance”?
Phase 2
The leading cause of death in the world is what?
Ischemic Heart Disease
“good cholesterol”
High-Density lipoprotein (HDL)
percentage of adults that do not meet recommended physical activity guidelines
3 in 4
Any abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of a part of the body.
Disease
Systolic between 130 and 139 OR diastolic between 80 and 89 mm HG
Stage 1 Hypertension
The NASM proprietary approach to exercise training is called:
The Optimum Performance Training model
The scientific name for “the core”.
Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip Complex
Cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes are what kind of disease?
Noncommunicable diseases
Phase 2 of the OPT Model?
Strength Endurance
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded
Systolic blood pressure
BMI of anything higher than 40
Obesity III
Stabilization is what level of the OPT Model?
Level 1
Strength is what level of the OPT Model?
Level 2
Made up of the lumbar spine (low-back area), pelvis, abdomen, and hip musculoskeletal structures. “the core”
Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip Complex
BMI of 18.5-24.9
Healthy Weight
A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply to the body.
Heart Valve Problem
