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Programming Logic & Design > Chapter One > Flashcards

Chapter One Flashcards

1
Q

Computer System

A

Is a combination of all the components required to process and store data using a computer.

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2
Q

Hardware

A

Is the collection of physical devices that comprise a computer system.

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3
Q

Software

A

Consists of programs that tell the computer what to do.

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4
Q

Programs

A

Are sets of instructions for a computer.

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5
Q

Programming

A

Is the act of developing and writing programs.

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6
Q

Application Software

A

Comprises all the programs you apply to a task.

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7
Q

App

A

Is a piece of application software; the term is frequently used for applications on mobile devices.

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8
Q

System Software

A

Comprises the program that you use to manage your computer.

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9
Q

Input

A

Describes the entry of data into computer memory using hardware devices such as keyboards and mice.

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10
Q

Data items

A

Include all the text, numbers, and other information processed by a computer.

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11
Q

Processing

A

Data items may involve organizing them, checking them for accuracy, or performing mathematical operations on them.

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12
Q

CPU or central processing unit

A

Is the computer hardware component that processes data.

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13
Q

Output

A

Describes the operation of retrieving information from memory and sending it to a device, such as a monitor or printer, so people can view, interpret, and work with the results.

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14
Q

Information

A

Is processed data.

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15
Q

Storage devices

A

Are types of hardware equipment, such as disks, that hold information for later retrieval.

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16
Q

Cloud

A

Refers to remote computers accessed through the internet.

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17
Q

Programming languages

A

Such as Visual Basic, C#, C++, or java are used to write programs.

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18
Q

Program Code

A

Is the set of instructions a programmer writes in a programming language.

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19
Q

Coding the Program

A

Is the act of writing programming language instructions.

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20
Q

Syntax

A

Of a language is its grammar rules.

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21
Q

Syntax Error

A

Is an error in language or grammar.

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22
Q

Computer Memory

A

Is the temporary, internal storage within a computer.

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23
Q

Random Access Memory (RAM)

A

Is temporary, internal computer storage.

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24
Q

Volatile

A

Describes storage whose contents are lost when power is lost.

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25
Q

Nonvolatile

A

Describes storage whose contents are retained when power is lost.

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26
Q

Machine Language

A

Is a computer’s on/off circuitry language.

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27
Q

Source Code

A

Is the statements a programmer writes in a programming language.

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28
Q

Object Code

A

Is translated machine language.

29
Q

Compiler or Interpreter

A

Translates a high-level language into machine language and indicates if you have used a programming language incorrectly.

30
Q

Binary Language

A

Is represented using a series of 0s and 1s

31
Q

To Run or Execute

A

A program is to carry out its instructions.

32
Q

Scripting Languages (also called Scripting Programming Languages or Script Languages)

A

Such as Python, Lua, Perl, and PHP are used to write programs that are typed directly from a keyboard. Scripting languages are stored as text rather than as binary executables files.

33
Q

A Logical Error

A

Occurs when incorrect instructions are performed, or when instructions are performed in the wrong order.

34
Q

Logic

A

Of a computer program is the complete sequence of instructions that lead to a problem’s solution.

35
Q

Variable

A

Is a named memory location whose value can vary.

36
Q

Program Development Cycle

A

Consists of the steps that occur during a programs lifetime.

37
Q

Users (end users)

A

Are people who employ and benefit from computer programs.

38
Q

Documentation

A

Consists of all the supporting paperwork for a program.

39
Q

Algorithm

A

Is the sequence of steps necessary to solve any problem.

40
Q

IPO Chart

A

Is a program development tool that delineates input, processing, and output tasks.

41
Q

TOE Chart

A

Is a program development tool that lists tasks, objects, and events.

42
Q

Desk-checking

A

Is the process of walking through a program solution on paper.

43
Q

High-level programming Language

A

Supports English-like syntax.

44
Q

Low-level machine Language

A

Is made up of 1s and 0s and does not use easily interpreted variable name.

45
Q

Debugging

A

Is the process of finding and correcting program errors.

46
Q

Conversion

A

Is the entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using a new program or set of programs.

47
Q

Maintenance

A

Consists of all the improvements and corrections made to a program after it is in production.

48
Q

Pseudocode

A

Is an English-like representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.

49
Q

Flowchart

A

Is a pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.

50
Q

Input symbol

A

Indicates an input operation and is represented by a parallelogram in flowcharts.

51
Q

Processing symbol

A

Indicates a processing operation and is represented by a rectangle in flowcharts.

52
Q

Output symbol

A

Indicates an output operation and is represented by a parallelogram in flowcharts

53
Q

Input/output symbol I/O symbol

A

Is represented by a parallelogram in flowcharts.

54
Q

Flowlines or arrows

A

Connect the steps in a flowchart.

55
Q

Terminal symbol

A

Indicates the beginning or end of a flowchart segment and is represented by a lozenge.

56
Q

Infinite Loop

A

Occurs when repeating logic cannot end.

57
Q

Making a Decision

A

Is the act of testing a value.

58
Q

Decision symbol

A

Is shaped like a diamond and used to represent decisions in flowcharts.

59
Q

Dummy value

A

Is a preselected value that stops the execution of a program.

60
Q

Sentinel value

A

Is a preselected value that stops the execution of a program.

61
Q

Term eof

A

Means End Of File.

62
Q

Text editor

A

Is a program that you use to create simple text files; it is similar to a word processor, but without as many features.

63
Q

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

A

is a software package that provides an editor, compiler, and other programming tools.

64
Q

Microsoft Visual Studio IDE

A

Is a software package that contains useful tools for creating programs in Visual Basic, C++, and C#.

65
Q

Command Line

A

Is a location on your computer screen at which you type text entries to communicate with the computers imparting system

66
Q

Graphical user interface (GUI)

A

Allows users to interact with a program in a graphical environment.

67
Q

Procedural Programming

A

Is a programming model that focuses on the procedures that programmers create.

68
Q

Object-oriented programming

A

Is a programming model that focuses on objects, or “things,” and describes their features (also called attributes) and behaviors.

Programming Logic & Design (4 decks)

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