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AP WORLD HISTORY > Chapter One > Flashcards

Chapter One Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Lucy found

A

30 Nov. 1974

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2
Q

Where was lucy found

A

at a remote spot near Hadar Ethiopia

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3
Q

When did Lucy die

A

3.2 million years ago.

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4
Q

What is lucy’s scientific name?

A

AL 288 I

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5
Q

At the time of her death, how old was Lucy?

A

25-30

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6
Q

How tall was Lucy

A

1 meter.

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7
Q

Why is Lucy so famous

A

40 percent of her bones were found, madeher very complete

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8
Q

What does analysis of Lucy’s skeleton show

A

that early ancestors of modern human beings walked upright on two feet.

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9
Q

Why is erect walking so crucial

A

because it frees their arms and hands for other tasks.

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10
Q

What did Lucy and her contemporaries possess?

A

very small brains, but they could carry objects with their arms and manipulate tools. These abilities alowed them to survive better than many other species

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11
Q

When did the earth come into existence

A

4.5 billion years ago.

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12
Q

When did the first living organisms make their appearance

A

hundreds of million years go. Came increasingly complex creatures.

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13
Q

Humanlike cousins appeared

A

4-5 million years ago

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14
Q

When did homosapiens come

A

200,000 years ago

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15
Q

Did human society develop in a vacum

A

no, we were always surrounded by other things

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16
Q

Why were humans so successful

A

because we developed the ability to exploit the environment

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17
Q

What does prehistory refer to?

A

the era before writing

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18
Q

Who is involved in finding information about homosapiens

A

evolutionary biologies.THey have done a lot of work to clarify the relationships between human beings and other animal species

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19
Q

Hwo do we have remarkable similarities with

A

apes. DNA choromosomal patterns and lifesustaining proteins. there is only a 1.6 difference

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20
Q

We are in the order of

A

primates

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21
Q

The small genetic makeup and chemistry have led to remarkable advances

A
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22
Q

In tanzania, kenya, eithiopia and other places, archaeologiests unearthed bones and tools of human ancestors goin gback about

A

5 mill

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23
Q

Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania and Hadar in Ethiopia yielded

A

many rich remains

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24
Q

The speicies that lucy and several other species belonged to what genus

A

Australopithecus

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25
Q

Where did Austrolopithecus flourish

A

east Africa during long period from 4 million to 1 million years

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26
Q

What was Australopithicus

A

An homonid belonging to the family homindae which included human and humanlike species

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27
Q

What do evolutionary biologists recognize Australopithecus as?

A

Genus standing alongside Homo

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28
Q

compared to us, Lucy and other australopthecines would seem

A

short, hariy and limited intelligence. THey stood someting over 1 meter and weighted 25 punds and had a brain the size of about 500 cntimeters

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29
Q

Compared with other ape and animal species, australopthecines were

A

sophisticated

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30
Q

Why were australopithecines considered smart?

A

This is because, they had well developed hands and could use them. Good thumbs, and could grasp tools and perform interacate operations. THey had some ability to communicate verbally but not a well developed brain

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31
Q

The intelligence of australopithecines was sufficient to allow them to do?

A

Plan complex ventures. THey could travel to obtain particular kinds of stone that they needed for tools. Somtimes distances of 15 kilometers.

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32
Q

What does chemical analysis show about stone

A

that the australopithecines amde tools from things that were avaliable only at distat sites/

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33
Q

What did their tools include?

A

Choppers, scrapers and other implements for food .

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34
Q

With the aid of their tools and inelligence

A

Australopithecines established themselves securely throughout eastern and southern Africa

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35
Q

By about 1 million years ago, australopithecines had disappeared as new species

A

Belonged to the genus Homo and thus represented creatures considerably differnt from the asutralopithecines

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36
Q

What was the most important of the new species

A

Homo erectus. Up right human . They possessed a larger brain than the australopithecines

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37
Q

What was the size of the brain

A

1000 cc. And fashioned more sophisticated tools as well.

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38
Q

What did Homo Erectus add to the asutralopithecines tools

A

from choppers and scrapers they added cleavers and hadn aces

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39
Q

What were the new cleavers and hand axes useful for

A

hunting and food preparation. THey also privided protection against predators.

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40
Q

What did homo erectus hearn how to do?

A

start fires and furnished the species with a means to cook food a defense against large animals.

41
Q

What was more important than tools and fire

A

intelligence and language skills which enabled individuals to communicate complex ideas to one another

42
Q

ARchaeologists have determined that

A

men coordinated hunts very well

43
Q

Nany sites associated with homoerectus served as

A

camps for communities of hunters. The bones show huge cooperation

44
Q

With their tools, Homo erectus gained increasingy control over the natural environment and introduced

A

human species into widely sccattered regions.

45
Q

Where did human groups move?

A

to middle east, beyond Europe, suth asia east asia and southeast asia

46
Q

When homo erectus faded, what new species came

A

homo sapiens

47
Q

when did homo sapiens evolve?

A

about 200,000 years ago

48
Q

What were qualities of early homosapiens?

A

possessed a large brain approaching the size of a modern human being

49
Q

What was more important about the development of humans

A

the development of the brain

50
Q

Why was important that they had a big brain

A

so that they coud think of means to survive

51
Q

What did having better intelligence mean for tm>

A

They could understand the world around them, cooportatie, exploit the nature more, and they could communicate

52
Q

With intelligence, what could Homo Sapiens do?

A

madapt to widely varying nvironment conditions and to establish the species throughout the world

53
Q

When did Homo sapiens spread through the eastern hemisphere and populate Africa, Europe and Asia?

A

100.000 yueears ago

54
Q

Did homo sapiens encounter homoerectus?

A

yes

55
Q

Why were homospaiens able to live in the cold

A

becayse they built shelters and used coats

56
Q

When did homo Sapiens use land bridges to go to uninhabited areas

A

about 60-15 thousand years ago. This was after th eice age

57
Q

When did Homo Sapiens arrive in Australia?

A

60 thousand years ago.

58
Q

When did HS go to America

A

25 thousand years ago

59
Q

When was HS comletely all over the world

A

15 thousand years ago

60
Q

What did intellectual abilities enable homo sapiens to dO?

A

recognize problems and possibilities in their environ ment and then take action that fabored survival

61
Q

At the sites of early settlements, what did archaeologists discover

A

sophisticated tools that reflect HOmo Sapiens control over then environment

62
Q

What are some of the tools that homo sapiens used?

A

In addition to choppers, scrapers, axes, and other tools, that earlier species had. HS used knives, spears, and bows and arrows.

63
Q

Where did individuals make dwellings for themselves/

A

in caves and in hutlike shelters fabricated from wood , bones and animal skins

64
Q

In cold regions, how did HS warm themselves

A

FIRe burning continuously

65
Q

IN all parts of the world, how did they communicate?

A

languages

66
Q

AS the amount of HS increased, what decreased?

A

The large animals.

67
Q

What do archaeologists also believe caused the large mammals to disappear?

A

The earth’s climate

68
Q

What is the longest human experience on earth?

A
69
Q

What was the principal characteristtic of the paleolithic era?

A

Human beings foraged their food. They hunted wild animals or gathered edible products of anatural growing plans.

70
Q

In the abence of wirtten records, scholors have:

A

Drawn inferences about paeloithic economu and society from archaology

71
Q

In the Amazon basin and tropical forests of africa and a few other regions,

A

small communities of hunters and gatheres follow the ways of paleolithic ancestors

72
Q

What is one way that people see what might have happened in paleolithic societies?

A

They look at new paleolithic societies because they show somethings in economi cand soclial dynamics that shaped the experiences

73
Q

A hunting and gathering based economy prevents individuals from accumulating what?>

A

Wealth and private property

74
Q

because you can’t have private property, can social distinctions be based on wealth

A

no

75
Q

Individuals would only posess some small items, such as

A

weapons and tools, that htey can carry easily as they move

76
Q

Because of the abscene of wealth, what was the society back then like

A

it was reletively equal

77
Q

Wha ttypes of social distincitons arose

A

age, strenght, courage, intelligence, fertility,m force of personality

78
Q

Were the sexes pretty equal

A

yes

79
Q

What were some jobs of men?

A

they traveled on hunting expedition sin search of large animals while women and children gathered edible plants

80
Q

Meat was a highly prized item, but

A

plants were equally essential

81
Q

Were the bands of hunters and gatheres small or large

A

thye were small, so that they could be efficient

82
Q

Individual bands had what tyep of relationships with their neighbors

A

agreements concerning the territories that the groups exploit

83
Q

Was hunting and gathereing a pretty scientific thing

A

ohh yeah

84
Q

When did homo erectus learn to hunt big game successfully>

A

300,000 years ago

85
Q

How did hunters hunt big game well?

A

They wore disguises, and used sharp knives, spears and bows and arrows.

86
Q

What were some team work things that were done?

A

They used verious movements to attack from several places. Also, tey used fire.

87
Q

What was one key that was good for survival

A

language

88
Q

In regions where food was especially rich, what did people do?

A

They settled down

89
Q

What were the most prominent paleoithic settlements

A

Natufian society in east mediterranean

Jomon societi in central japan, and the chinook society of the pacific northwaest region

90
Q

As early as 13500 what did natufians do

A

collected wile wheat and took animals from abundant antelope heards

91
Q

From 100,000 to 300 BCE, what did Jomon people do

A

fished

92
Q

Whan did the chinkook society develop?

A

around 3000 BCE

93
Q

WWhat did paleolithic settlements have

A

permanent dwellings, sometimes long houses that accomodate alot

94
Q

Paleolithic individauls did not limit their crative thinking to strckty practical matters, what did they reflect on

A

the nature of human existance and the world around them.

95
Q

The earliest evidence of the reflective thougt came from sites assoiated wihth Neandertal peoples

A
96
Q

Wherer did the Neandertal peoples come from?

A

West germany. thy lived between 200,000 -35,000 years ago

97
Q

What do scholors regard neandertals as?

A
98
Q
A

AP WORLD HISTORY (6 decks)

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