Chapter One

Question 1

Name the Scientist

“The Skeptical Chemist”

Answer 1

Robert Boyle

Question 2

Name the Scientist

1661-Experiments w/ pressure/volume of air

Answer 2

Robert Boyle

Question 3

Name the Scientist

Thought substance=element if it can not be broken down into simpler substances

Answer 3

Robert Boyle

Question 4

Three Important Laws of Chemistry

Answer 4

Law of Conservation of Mass
Law of Definite Proportion
Law of Multiple Proportions

Question 5

What does the law of conservation of mass say?
Scientist responsible?

Answer 5

Mass can not be created or destroyed
Lavoisier

Question 6

What does the law of definite proportion say?
Scientist responsible?

Answer 6

A given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.
Proust

Question 7

What does the law of multiple proportions say?
Scientist responsible?

Answer 7

Different combo of elemtns to form different compounds
Dalton

Question 8

Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1.

Answer 8

1. each element is made up of tiny particles called atoms

Question 9

Dalton’s Atomic Theory
2.

Answer 9

2. The atoms of a given element are identical; the atoms of different elements are different in some fundamental way or ways

Question 10

Dalton’s Atomic Theory
3.

Answer 10

3. Chemical compounds are formed when atoms of different elemtns combined with each other.

Question 11

Dalton’s Atomic Theory
4.

Answer 11

4. Chemical reactions involve reorganization of atoms-change in way bound together.

Question 12

What parts of Dalton’s atomic theory were wrong?

Answer 12

1. Atoms are not the smallest, protons, neutrons, electrons etc.
2. atoms of a given element are not identical, isotopes.

Question 13

Who was the first scientist to consider atomic mass?

Answer 13

Dalton

Question 14

Who used atomic masses to arrange 1st periodic table?

Answer 14

Dalton

Question 15

What flaw did Gay-Lussac and Avogadro discover?

Answer 15

Instead of measuring mass, they measured volumes under same temp and pressure.

Question 16

What did J.J. Thompson do?

(four things)

Answer 16

Discovered electrons
Cathode Ray Experiment
Calculated charge to mass ratio of electron
“plum pudding model”

Question 17

Who discovered electrons?

Answer 17

J.J. Thompson

Question 18

What scientist developed the “plum pudding model”?

Answer 18

J.J. Thompson

Question 19

What scientist had the cathode ray experiment?

Answer 19

J.J. Thompson

Question 20

What did Robert Milikan do?

(four things)

Answer 20

1. Oil Drop Experiment
2. Magnitude and charge of electron
3. Calculated mass of electron
4. M_e=9.11*10^-31 kg

Question 21

Who did the Oil Drop Experiment?

Answer 21

Robert Milikan

Question 22

Who discovered the magnitude and charge of an electron?

Answer 22

Robert Milikan

Question 23

Who calculated the mass of the electron?

Answer 23

Robert Milikan

Question 24

What did Ernest Rutherford do?

(four things)

Answer 24

1. Tested Thompson’s “plum pudding model”
2. Gold Foil Experiment
3. Proposed nuclear atom
4. Concluded atom has a dense center of a positive charge

Question 25

Who tested Thompson’s Plum Pudding Model?

Answer 25

Ernest Rutherford

Question 26

Who did the gold foil experiment?

Answer 26

Ernest Rutherford

Question 27

Who proposed the nuclear atom?

Answer 27

Ernest Rutherford

Question 28

Who concluded that an atom has a dense center of a postive charge?

Answer 28

Ernest Rutherford

Question 29

Who made the periodic table?

Answer 29

Mendeleev

Question 30

What is the atomic number?

Answer 30

Number of protons

Question 31

What is the mass number of an element?

Answer 31

protons + neutrons

Question 32

Isotopes have _____ _______ chemical properties and behavior, chemistry of an atom is due to it’s ________.

Answer 32

almost identical
electrons

Question 33

Define Energy

Answer 33

Ability to do work or produce heat.

Question 34

Work =

Answer 34

F*d

(Force * Distance)

Question 35

Units of a Joule

Answer 35

kgm²/s²

(mass*distance*acceleration)

Question 36

Define frequency:

Answer 36

number of waves (cycles) per second that pass a given point in space

Question 37

Unit of frequency

Answer 37

Hertz (1/s)

Question 38

Speed of Light

Answer 38

2.997*10⁸ m/s

Question 39

c=

Answer 39

λv

Question 40

Define wave

Answer 40

a disturbance or oscillation that travels through matter/space, accompanied by a transfer of energy.

Question 41

Define electromagneticc waves:

Answer 41

periodic oscillations of transverse electrical & magnetic fields

Question 42

Electromagnetic spectrum from high energy to low energy

Answer 42

Gamma, X-ray Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, Microwaves, Radio

Question 43

Conclusions of Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment

(four things)

Answer 43

1. Most of the α- particles passed straight through the foil without suffering any deflection. This shows that most of the space inside the atom is empty or hollow.
2. Some of the α- particles suffered deflection by 90° or even larger angels. For this to happen α- particles (positively charged) must approach a heavy positively charged core inside the atom (Like charges repel each other). This heavy positively charged ‘core’ inside the atom was named as nucleus.
3. Since the number of α- particles which bounced back was very small, hence, the volume occupied by the nucleus is very small as compared to the total volume of the atom.
4. The α- particles have appreciable mass. These are deflected by the nucleus. It means that almost the entire mass of the atom lies at its center, i.e., entire mass of an atom is concentrated inside its nucleus.