Chapter One

Question 1

the basic rights and freedoms for american citizens guaranteed by the u.s. constitution, particularly in the bill of rights

Answer 1

civil liberties

Question 2

the use or threat of violence to achieve political objectives

Answer 2

terrorism

Question 3

a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the united states and reduce the country’s vulnerability to terrorism

Answer 3

homeland security

Question 4

a criminal justice model that places primary on the right of the individual to be protected from the power of the government

Answer 4

due process model

Question 5

a criminal justice model that places primary emphasis on the right of society to be protected from crime and violent criminals

Answer 5

crime control model

Question 6

the moral principles that govern a person’s perception of right and wrong

Answer 6

ethics

Question 7

a model of the criminal justice system that recognizes the informal authority exercised by individuals at each step of the criminal justice process

Answer 7

informal criminal justice process

Question 8

the ability of individuals in the criminal justice system to make operational decisions based on personal judgement instead of formal rules or official information

Answer 8

discretion

Question 9

the model of the criminal justice process in which participants follow formal rules to create a smoothly functioning disposition of cases from arrest to punishment

Answer 9

formal criminal justice process

Question 10

a set of interacting parts that, when functioning properly, achieve a desired result

Answer 10

system

Question 11

a form of government in which a written constitution provides for a division of powers between a central government and several regional governments

Answer 11

federalism

Question 12

the quality of fairness that must exist in the processes designed to determine whether individuals are guilty of criminal wrong doing

Answer 12

justice

Question 13

the interlocking network of law enforcement agencies, courts and corrections institutions designed to enforce criminal laws and protect society from criminal behavior

Answer 13

criminal justice system

Question 14

illegal acts carried out by illegal organizations engaged in the market for illegal goods or services, such as illicit drugs or firearms

Answer 14

organized crime

Question 15

non-violent crimes committed by business entities or individuals to gain a personal or business advantage

Answer 15

white collar crime

Question 16

behavior that has been labeled criminal because it is contrary to shared social values, customs and norms

Answer 16

public order crime

Question 17

the act of breaking into or entering a structure without permission for the purpose of committing a felony

Answer 17

burglary

Question 18

the act of taking property from another person without the use of force with the intent of keeping that property

Answer 18

larceny

Question 19

the act of taking property from another person through force, threat of force, or intimidation

Answer 19

robbery

Question 20

the act of physically contacting another person with the intent to do harm, even if the resulting injury is insubstantial

Answer 20

battery

Question 21

a threat or an attempt to do violence to another person that causes that person to fear immediate physical harm

Answer 21

assault

Question 22

forced or coerced sexual intercourse (or other sexual acts)

Answer 22

sexual assault

Question 23

the unlawful killing of one human being by another

Answer 23

murder

Question 24

behavior that is considered to go against the norms established by society

Answer 24

deviance

Question 25

a criminal justice model in which the content of criminal law is determined by the groups that hold economic, political and social power in a community

Answer 25

conflict model

Question 26

principles of right and wrong behavior, as practiced by individuals or by society

Answer 26

morals

Question 27

a criminal justice model in which the majority of citizens in a society share the same values and beliefs. criminal acts are acts that conflict with these values and beliefs and that are deemed harmful to society

Answer 27

consensus model

Question 28

an act that violates criminal law and is punishable by criminal sanctions

Answer 28

crime