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CCP Biology > Chapter One > Flashcards

Chapter One Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biology

A

Study of Life

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2
Q

Properties of Life

A

Order
Energy processing
Growth and development
response to the environment
Regulation
Reproduction
Evolutionary adaptation

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3
Q

Unifying themes

A

Organization
Information
Energy and Matter
Interactions
Evolution

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4
Q

Levels of Organization

A

Biosphere
Ecosystems
Communities
Populations
Organisms
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Molecules

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5
Q

Biosphere

A

All life on Earth and the places where life exists

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6
Q

Ecosystems

A

all living things in a particular area and nonliving components with which they interact

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7
Q

Populations

A

All the individuals of a species living within a specific area

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8
Q

Communities

A

Array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

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9
Q

Organisms

A

Individual living things

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10
Q

Organ

A

Body part that is made of and has a specific function

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11
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells working together to perform a specialized function

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12
Q

Cell

A

Fundamental unit of structure and function of life

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13
Q

Organelle

A

A particular functional component within a cell

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14
Q

Molecule

A

Chemical structure of two or more atoms

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15
Q

Structure follows function at every level of biological hierarchy

A

example: Thin, flat leaves maximize sunlight exposure for chloroplasts
Hummingbird wings rotate at shoulder to allow for forward and backward flying

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16
Q

Cell Characteristics

A

All cells are enclosed by a membrane

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17
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Cells that lack a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles

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18
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Cells that contain membrane-enclosed organelles

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19
Q

DNA-

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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20
Q

DNA serves as

A

the genetic material that is replicated and passed to offspring

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21
Q

DNA is composed of

A

a double helix of antiparallel strands

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22
Q

Gene

A

discreet unit of hereditary information that consists of a DNA sequence of nucleotides

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23
Q

Genes provide blueprint for making

A

Proteins

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24
Q

Gene expression

A

Process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins

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25
Q

DNA—–>mRNA

A

transcription

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26
Q

mRNA—–>amino acid chain

A

translation

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27
Q

amino acid chain—–>protein

A

protein folding

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28
Q

Genome

A

“library” of genetic instructions inherited by an organism

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29
Q

Genomics

A

Study of the whole sets of genes in one or more species

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30
Q

Proteomics

A

Study of sets of proteins and their properties

31
Q

Proteome

A

Set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organism

32
Q

Bioinformatics

A

Use of computational tools to store, organize and analyze large volumes of data

33
Q

Sun

A

primary input of energy

34
Q

Producers

A

Organisms that produce organic compounds from inorganic compounds

35
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Conversion of light energy and CO.2 to chemical energy

36
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

Conversion of inorganic chemicals to chemical energy through oxidation

37
Q

Consumers

A

Organisms that feed on producers, other consumers, or nonliving organic matter

38
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms that absorb nutrients from nonliving organic matter and convert to inorganic forms

39
Q

flows through an ecosystem

A

Energy

40
Q

Organisms use ___________ to perform work

A

chemical energy

41
Q

__________- is lost to surroundings

A

Heat

42
Q

Feedback regulation

A

regulation of a process by its output or end-product

43
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Regulation in which the output reduces the production

44
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Regulation in which the output increases the process leading to additional product

45
Q

Every organism interacts

A

with other organisms

46
Q

Organisms interact with

A

Physical factors in the environment

47
Q

Evolution

A

Concept that organisms living on Earth today are modified descendants of common ancestors

48
Q

Unity

A

Two species sharing certain traits

49
Q

Diversity

A

Differences between two species

50
Q

Adaptation

A

change of an organism to a particular environment

51
Q

Domains of Life

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

52
Q

Eukarya

A

Kingdoms
-Plantae
-Fungi
-Animalia
-Protista

53
Q

Natural selection is the primary cause of

A

descent with modification

54
Q

Natural selection

A

Process by which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than others because of those traits

55
Q

Darwin-
Individuals in population

A

Vary in traits many of which are inherited

56
Q

Darwin-
Population produce

A

more offspring than can survive to produce offspring

57
Q

Darwin-
Species are suited to their

A

Environments

58
Q

Darwin-
Environment cannot

A

support the number of individuals that exist, so competition among individuals occurs

59
Q

Darwin-
Species have

A

adapted to the circumstances

60
Q

Darwin’s theory of evolution

A

Individuals with inherited traits are better suited to local environment and are more likely to survive and reproduce

After many generations more individuals exist with advantageous traits

Placeholder

61
Q

Tree of Life

A

Different species may have a common ancestor
Over long periods of time, natural selection could give rise to two or more descendants

(Galapagos Finches)

62
Q

Scientific Process

A

Observation
Question
Hypothesis
Prediction
Experiment
Gather Data
Analyze Results
Form Conclusion
Replicate Results
Publish Findings

63
Q

Inquiry

A

The search for information and explanations of natural phenomena

64
Q

Qualitative

A

Data that pertains to observations

65
Q

Quantitative

A

Data that pertains to measurements

66
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

Logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise

67
Q

Controlled Experiment

A

Experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group

68
Q

Control group

A

Set of subjects that lack the specific factor being tested

69
Q

Variables

A

Factors that vary during an experiment

70
Q

Independent Variable

A

Factor that is manipulated during an experiment: it affects the dependent variable

71
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The factor that is measured during an experiment; it responds to the independent variable

72
Q

Law

A

Statement of mathematical expression based on observations and experimentation that describes the natural world

73
Q

Theory

A

Explanation of a phenomenon based on observations, experimentation, and basic reasoning
Can never be proven, but can be disproven

CCP Biology (5 decks)

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