Chapter One

Question 1

Argument

Answer 1

A set of statements, one of which is the conclusion, and the others are premises.

Question 2

Arguments can have numerous premises, even only one.

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

Arguments must…

Answer 3

express statements.

Question 4

Statement

Answer 4

Something that can be true or false ; something that can be expressed using a declarative sentence.

Question 5

Premises

Answer 5

Reasons for the conclusion to be true

Question 6

Conculsion

Answer 6

The thing argued for

Question 7

Arguments rely on the authority of…

Answer 7

the reasoning provided.

Question 8

Exposition relies on the…

Answer 8

authority of the writer or speaker.

Question 9

Deductively Valid Argument:

Answer 9

If all its premises are true, then its conclusion must be true.

Question 10

The truth of the premises of a valid argument guarantees…

Answer 10

the truth of its conclusion.

Question 11

An argument is valid if…

Answer 11

it is impossible for all its premises to be true and yet its conclusion be false.

Question 12

An invalid argument is…

Answer 12

one where the premises could be true and the conclusion is false.

Question 13

Inductive strength vs. Deductive Validity

Answer 13

True premises in a valid argument GUARANTEE the truth of the conclusion; true premises in a strong inductive argument make the conclusion only likely or probable.

Question 14

Deductive arguments are either…

Answer 14

valid or invalid.

Question 15

Inductive logic is more complex because…

Answer 15

some arguments can be more inductively stronger than others.

Question 16

The form of the argument can tell us…

Answer 16

if it is valid or not.

Question 17

Logic is concerned primarily with…

Answer 17

argument forms, and only secondarily with arguments.

Question 18

The principle task of deductive logic is to…

Answer 18

provide a method for distinguishing valid argument forms with invalid argument forms.

Question 19

A valid argument with true premises…

Answer 19

can not have a false conclusion.

Question 20

If all you know about an argument is that it is valid, that tells nothing about…

Answer 20

the truth of the premises or conclusion.

Question 21

An argument should not be called true or false.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

Truth and falsity are properties of…

Answer 22

statements.

Question 23

Unsound arguments

Answer 23

valid, but has more than one false premises.

Question 24

Sound Arguments

Answer 24

valid; and have all true premises

Question 25

Set of statements are inconsisent if…

Answer 25

there is a contradiction among the members of the set. (He is dead, he is alive)

Question 26

Explicit Contradiction

Answer 26

“Lincoln was assassinated.” “Lincoln was not assassinated.”