Chapter nine Flashcards
Ascribed, achieved, and master status
Ascribed status – given involuntarily at birth
Achieved status – status that is gained as a result of one’s efforts or choices
Master status – status by which one is most identified
Role performance
Carrying out the behaviours associated with a given role, differ depending on the context
Role partner
The person with whom one is interacting with
Role set
The various roles associated with a status (e.g., doctor, nurse, resident)
Role conflict, role strain, and role exit
Role conflict – difficulty in satisfying the requirements of multiple roles
Role strain – difficulty ins satisfying the multiple requirements of the same role
Role exit – dropping one’s identity for another
Reference group
Groups that individuals use as the standard for evaluating themselves
Primary v. secondary groups
Primary groups – interactions between members are direct, with close bonds providing warm, personal and intimate relationships, often lasting long
Secondary group – impersonal interactions and business-like, usually have a specific purpose and last for a short period of time
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (community and society)
Community refers to groups unified in feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography, such as families or neighbours
Society refers to less personal groups that are formed out of mutual self-interests towards the same goal, such as countries
Interaction process analysis
Technique for observing, classifying and measuring the interactions between small groups
Multiple level observation of groups (SYMLOG)
Based on the belief that there are three fundamental dimensions of interaction
Dominance v. submission
Friendliness v. unfriendliness
Instrumentally controlled v. emotionally expressive
Network redundancy
Overlapping connections with the same individual
Immediate v. distant networks
Immediate networks – dense with strong ties, such as friends
Distant networks – looser and weaker ties, such as acquantainces
Combination of immediate + distant networks = most benefit
Organizations
Complex secondary groups that are set up to achieve specific goals, have structure and a culture
Formal organizations
Explicit goals and enforcement procedures that seek to control the activities of their members, hierarchical roles
Bureaucracy
A rational system of political organization, administration, discipline and control
Includes non-elected officials on a fixed salary, officials who are provided rights and privileges, regular salary increases and promotions upon passing milestones, enter the field by holding a degree or training, procedures defined by the organization, and responsibility for meeting demands
Slow to change, less efficient
