Chapter III Biosphere and the Ecosystem

Question 1

describes an individual,
a single, living thing and can be an animal, a plant, or a microorganism.

Answer 1

Organism

Question 2

The term we use to describe
multiple individuals or organisms
of a single species that live within
a particular geographic area.

Answer 2

Population

Question 3

The term used to describe two or
more populations of different
species that occupy the same
space at the same time.

Answer 3

Community

Question 4

The term used to describe both
the biotic (living) and abiotic
(nonliving) factors in a system

Answer 4

Ecosystem

Question 5

The term used to describe organisms that occupy a certain area; determined by the primary vegetation type, the climate of the area, and the geographic location.

Answer 5

Biome

Question 6

The term used to describe the
combination of every ecosystem
on the planet; all life on earth and the abiotic factors that life interacts with.

Answer 6

Biosphere

Question 7

The term “ecosystem” was first coined by

Answer 7

A.G. Tansley, an English botanist, in 1935.

Question 8

the functional unit of biosphere where the living organisms interact with each other and the surrounding environment.

Answer 8

ECOSYSTEM

Question 9

ecosystem that are exclusively land-based ecosystems.

Answer 9

Terrestrial Ecosystem

Question 10

There are different types of terrestrial ecosystems distributed
around various geological zones.

Answer 10

Forest Ecosystems
Grassland Ecosystems
Tundra Ecosystems
Desert Ecosystem

Question 11

consists of several plants, animals and microorganisms that live in coordination with the abiotic factors of the environment;
temperate zones may have a flora of coniferous type, deciduous type or a combination of both the types.

Answer 11

Forest Ecosystem

Question 12

The classification is as per the respective climate of forest ecosystem

Answer 12

– boreal, temperate or tropical.

Question 13

tropics have the most diverse plant and animal ecosystem than any other region on the earth. Here, trees grow tall and foliage is dense and lush with a warm and humid environment, with species right from the root level up till the canopy.

Answer 13

Rainforest ecosystems

Question 14

featured in the far north, with a rich population of the coniferous trees, known as the taiga.

Answer 14

Boreal forests

Question 15

The vegetation is dominated by grasses and herbs; They can exist in colder regions as well (Siberian Steppe) and share a common characteristic: semi-aridity.

Answer 15

Grassland ecosystem

Question 16

some of the examples of grassland ecosystems.

Answer 16

Temperate grasslands, savanna grasslands

Question 17

ecosystem that are devoid of trees and are found in cold climates or where rainfall is scarce; covered with snow for most of the year; soil is frozen throughout the year and during the brief summers, snow melts to produce shallow ponds, thus giving rise to small
flowers and lichens.

Answer 17

Tundra ecosystem

Question 18

These are regions with very
little rainfall. The days are hot and the nights are cold; Some contain rocks while some have sand dunes. Flora is very rare but highly adaptive animal species and insects are found here.

Answer 18

Desert

Question 19

are ecosystems present in a body of water

Answer 19

Aquatic Ecosystem

Question 20

Aquatic Ecosystem are divided into two types, namely:

Answer 20

freshwater and marine ecosystem

Question 21

includes lakes, ponds, rivers, streams and wetlands; No salt content in contrast with the marine ecosystem. They embody planktons, algae, insects, amphibians and underwater plants.

Answer 21

Freshwater Ecosystem

Question 22

includes seas and oceans,
have a more substantial salt content and greater biodiversity in
comparison to the freshwater ecosystem.
(tidal zones, salt marshes,
estuaries, saltwater swamps, coral reef, mangroves etc.)

Answer 22

Marine Ecosystem

Question 23

are the multitude of benefits that nature provides to society (FAO,
2021) and making people aware of these benefits may encourage
them to design better habitat management (Richards et al., 2017).

Answer 23

Ecosystem Services

Question 24

Ecosystem Services (biodiversity and ecosystem functions support)

Answer 24

Provisioning services (goods)
Cultural services
Regulating services
Supporting services
human well-being

Question 25

Organisms in an ecosystem interact with one another. One way that individuals in a community interact is by feeding on one another.

Answer 25

Food webs

Question 26

(from the Greek word
trephein, meaning to nourish, thus the “nourishing level”) consists of all
organisms in a food web that are the same number of feeding levels away from the original energy source.

Answer 26

Tropic level

Question 27

The original source of energy in most ecosystems is

Answer 27

Sun

Question 28

Green plants, algae, and certain bacteria produce sugars through
the process of photosynthesis, using only energy from the
sun and carbon dioxide
(CO2) from the air.

Answer 28

Autotrophs

Question 29

from the words auto
(self) and trephein (to nourish), thus “self-nourishing”

Answer 29

Autotrophs

Question 30

organisms that feed on plants, algae, or photosynthetic bacteria—are members of the second trophic level.

Answer 30

Herbivores

Question 31

meat- eaters, that feed directly on herbivores make up the third trophic level. Carnivores that feed on third- level carnivores are in the fourth trophic level, and so on.

Answer 31

Carnivores

Question 32

Those that feed on both plant and
animals are the

Answer 32

Omnivores

Question 33

those that feed on dead
organic material, are classified in the highest trophic level in an
ecosystem.

Answer 33

Decomposers